Kasirer-Friede Ana, Kahn Mark L, Shattil Sanford J
Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0726, USA.
Immunol Rev. 2007 Aug;218:247-64. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-065X.2007.00532.x.
Stable platelet adhesion to extracellular matrices and the formation of a hemostatic or pathological thrombus are dependent on integrin alphaIIbbeta3, also known as GPIIb-IIIa. However, maximal platelet responses to vascular injury may involve the participation of other integrins expressed in platelets (alphaVbeta3, alpha2beta1, alpha5beta1, and alpha6beta1). Platelet membrane 'immunoreceptors' contain at least one subunit with an extracellular immunoglobulin superfamily domain and/or an intracellular stimulatory immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) or immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM). Platelet ITAM receptors, such as FcgammaRIIA and the GPVI-FcRgamma complex, promote activation of integrins, while ITIM receptors, such as platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1, may promote their inhibition. This review summarizes the structure and function of platelet integrins and immunoreceptors, the emerging functional relationships between these receptor classes, and the consequences of their interaction for platelet function in hemostasis and thrombosis.
血小板与细胞外基质的稳定黏附以及止血或病理性血栓的形成依赖于整合素αIIbβ3，也称为糖蛋白IIb-IIIa。然而，血小板对血管损伤的最大反应可能涉及血小板中表达的其他整合素（αVβ3、α2β1、α5β1和α6β1）的参与。血小板膜“免疫受体”包含至少一个具有细胞外免疫球蛋白超家族结构域和/或细胞内刺激性免疫受体酪氨酸基激活基序（ITAM）或免疫受体酪氨酸基抑制基序（ITIM）的亚基。血小板ITAM受体，如FcγRIIA和GPVI-FcRγ复合物，促进整合素的激活，而ITIM受体，如血小板内皮细胞黏附分子-1，可能促进其抑制作用。本综述总结了血小板整合素和免疫受体的结构与功能、这些受体类别之间新出现的功能关系，以及它们相互作用对止血和血栓形成中血小板功能的影响。
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