Increased temperature benefits growth and photosynthetic performance of the sea ice diatom Nitzschia cf. neglecta (Bacillariophyceae) isolated from saroma lagoon, Hokkaido, Japan.

During ice melt in spring, ice algae are released from the ice and could be exposed to variable temperatures and irradiances in surface water. Saroma Lagoon is an embayment with two inlets leading to the Sea of Okhotsk. With seasonal development of sea ice, its water temperature changes dramatically throughout the year. To investigate the living and photoprotective strategies of ice algae in such a coastal water system, we grew Nitzschia cf. neglecta, an ice diatom isolated from the sea ice of this lagoon, under irradiance levels of 30 and 100 μmol photons · m  · s , and temperatures of 2°C and 10°C. Then the acclimated cells were exposed to high light in order to investigate the plasticity of their photosynthetic apparatus. At 10°C, cells grew faster and showed decreased susceptibility to high light. At 2°C, an immediate decrease in all pigment content upon exposure, as well as a higher cellular content of diatoxanthin was used to compensate for the more severe excitation stress. Highly efficient photoprotection was achieved through the diadinoxanthin-diatoxanthin cycle-dependent nonphotochemical quenching. While regulation through psbA and rbcL at the transcription level played a minor role in the response to high light stress at both temperatures. The wide tolerance to both temperature and light changes suggest that the thinning of sea ice and higher temperatures in a warmer world will lead to more intense blooms in Saroma Lagoon.