印度城市中露天垃圾场造成的环境负担。
Environmental burden by an open dumpsite in urban India.
机构信息
Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India.
Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India.
出版信息
Waste Manag. 2019 Feb 15;85:151-163. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.12.022. Epub 2018 Dec 29.
Open municipal solid waste (MSW) dumpsites are nowadays looming hotspots for water, air, and land pollution. Fresh and old MSW samples collected from a dumpsite in the coastal city of India were analyzed for moisture content, volatile content, energy content, elements, and toxic heavy metals. The compositional analysis results showed that fresh MSW consisted of 36% by weight bio-waste (food waste, yard waste, coconut waste) and around 30% recyclable materials (plastics, paper, cardboard, and metals). Approximately, 62% of the total fresh MSW was found to be combustible materials (plastics, paper, textile, rubber, cardboard, yard waste, and coconut husks). The analysis of old MSW samples collected from different depths (3-4 m and 6-7 m) showed the dominance of plastics (25-33%) and mixed residue (28-55%) having high energy content. Measurements of gaseous emission below 6-7 m from the surface indicated a higher concentration of methane (CH:5.85 ± 0.12%) and lower concentration of carbon monoxide (CO: 3.82 ± 1.3 ppm), and hydrogen sulfide (HS:10.15 ± 2.2 ppm). Haphazard dumping, waste characteristics, waste pile compaction processes and heat propagation due to deliberate fire may stimulate spontaneous fires.
如今，开放式城市固体废物（MSW）垃圾场是水、空气和土地污染的潜在热点。从印度沿海城市的一个垃圾场收集的新鲜和旧 MSW 样本进行了水分含量、挥发性含量、能量含量、元素和有毒重金属分析。组成分析结果表明，新鲜 MSW 中含有 36%（重量）的生物废物（食物垃圾、庭院垃圾、椰子废物）和约 30%的可回收材料（塑料、纸张、纸板和金属）。大约 62%的新鲜 MSW 总量是可燃材料（塑料、纸张、纺织品、橡胶、纸板、庭院垃圾和椰子壳）。从不同深度（3-4 m 和 6-7 m）收集的旧 MSW 样本分析表明，塑料（25-33%）和混合残渣（28-55%）占主导地位，具有较高的能量含量。在距地面 6-7 m 以下的气体排放测量表明，甲烷（CH：5.85±0.12%）浓度较高，一氧化碳（CO：3.82±1.3 ppm）和硫化氢（HS：10.15±2.2 ppm）浓度较低。随意倾倒、废物特性、废物堆压实过程以及由于故意火灾引起的热量传播可能会刺激自然火灾。
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