Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, Uttar Pradesh, India; CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur 440 020, Maharashtra, India.
CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur 440 020, Maharashtra, India.
Waste Manag. 2022 Feb 15;139:258-268. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.11.044. Epub 2022 Jan 3.
Openmunicipal solid waste(MSW) dumpsites in India are significant hotspots of spontaneous fire and associated air and ground water pollution. Unscientific dumping of MSW poses a major threat to the surrounding environment and human health. One-year-old biodegradable waste components comprised of paper, cardboard, newspaper, textile, wood, grass leaves and coconut shell were analyzed for the determination of the moisture content (MC), smoldering temperature, ignition temperature, and ignition time. Principal component analysis of the old waste components revealed that cardboard, paper, newspaper and leaves are most susceptible waste components for spontaneous ignition. In contrast, MC was the most influential parameter for resulting changes in ignition temperature (C) on ignition time (min). A numerical equation was developed to estimate the time required for the spontaneous waste ignition at MSW dumpsite. The results of the study showed that the aged waste (age ≥ 3 year) having MC below 6 % and initial surface temperature of 78 C might smolder and ignite during the hottest time of the day in ∼ 6 and ∼ 26 days, respectively. Estimates showed that the time required for spontaneous waste ignition of aged waste is moderately dependent on waste MC (∼5-55 %), surface temperature (∼40-100 C), monthly pattern of average high temperature (∼36.6-42.6 C), biodegradable waste components having smoldering temperature ≤ 150 C and ignition temperature ≤ 270 C. The present study also showed that the occurrence of landfill fire events at MSW dumpsites is more prominent during the pre-monsoon season i.e. during the elevated temperature level.
印度的开放式城市固体废物（MSW）堆放场是自发火灾和相关的空气及地下水污染的重要热点。MSW 的非科学倾倒对周围环境和人类健康构成重大威胁。对一年期的可生物降解废物成分（包括纸、纸板、报纸、纺织品、木材、草叶和椰子壳）进行了分析，以确定其水分含量（MC）、闷烧温度、点火温度和点火时间。旧废物成分的主成分分析表明，纸板、纸、报纸和叶子是最容易自发点燃的废物成分。相比之下，MC 是对点火温度（C）和点火时间（min）变化影响最大的参数。建立了一个数值方程来估算 MSW 堆放场中自发废物点火所需的时间。研究结果表明，年龄≥3 年且 MC 低于 6%且初始表面温度为 78°C 的旧废物可能在一天中最热的时候闷烧和点燃，分别需要约 6 天和 26 天。估计表明，年龄较大的废物自发点火所需的时间与废物 MC（约 5-55%）、表面温度（约 40-100°C）、平均高温的月变化模式（约 36.6-42.6°C）、闷烧温度≤150°C 和点火温度≤270°C 的可生物降解废物成分有关。本研究还表明，在 MSW 堆放场，垃圾填埋火灾事件更易发生在季风前季节，即温度较高的时期。
