Department of Chemistry, University of Vlora, Vlora, Albania.
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Tirana, Albania.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2019 May;76(4):554-571. doi: 10.1007/s00244-019-00608-x. Epub 2019 Feb 25.
The air quality of Albania is evaluated by trace metals atmospheric deposition using moss biomonitoring method. Bryophyte moss (Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw.) samples were collected during August and September 2015 from 55 sampling points distributed over the entire territory of Albania. The concentrations of Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn in moss samples was determined by ICP-AES, ETAAS (As and Cd), and CVAAS (Hg) analysis. Spatial distribution and temporal trend of the moss elements is discussed in this study. Different variability was found in moss metal concentrations that may reflect their spatial distribution patterns and may identify the location of the areas with high contamination of each element. Compared with the measurements of moss collected in 2010, significant differences were found in the concentrations of As, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn. The differences between two moss surveys may reflect changes in the bioavailability of the elements resulting from wet and dry deposition respectively during 2015 and 2010 moss biomonitoring survey. The pollution loading index that was applied to judge the content of metal contamination indicated moderate pollution throughout Albania. Examination of the potential ecological risk found that As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Ni, and Pb pose the highest potential ecological risks particularly in the areas with high metal contents. Factor analysis applied to investigate the probable sources of metals in the environment suggested that Al and Fe likely originated from natural sources. As, Cd, Hg, Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni, and Cr likely originated from anthropogenic sources associated with long-range transport, transboundary pollution and local emission sources.
采用苔藓生物监测法评估了阿尔巴尼亚的空气微量元素沉积的空气质量。2015 年 8 月至 9 月，从阿尔巴尼亚全境的 55 个采样点采集了藓类植物（皱叶藓）样本。利用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法（ICP-AES）、火焰原子吸收光谱法（ETAAS）（分析砷和镉）和冷原子吸收光谱法（CVAAS）（分析汞）对苔藓样本中的铬、铜、铁、镍、铅、钒和锌的浓度进行了测定。本文讨论了苔藓元素的空间分布和时间趋势。发现苔藓金属浓度的不同变化可能反映了它们的空间分布模式，并可能确定每个元素污染严重的区域位置。与 2010 年采集的苔藓测量值相比，发现砷、铬、铜、汞、镍、铅和锌的浓度存在显著差异。两次苔藓调查之间的差异可能反映了 2015 年和 2010 年苔藓生物监测调查期间干湿沉降分别导致元素生物利用度的变化。应用于判断金属污染含量的污染负荷指数表明，阿尔巴尼亚全境存在中度污染。对潜在生态风险的检查发现，砷、镉、铬、汞、镍和铅具有最高的潜在生态风险，特别是在金属含量较高的地区。应用因子分析来研究环境中金属的可能来源表明，铝和铁可能来自自然来源。砷、镉、汞、铅、铜、锌、镍和铬可能来自与长距离传输、跨界污染和当地排放源有关的人为来源。
