Aicardi J
Adv Neurol. 1986;43:11-31.
This chapter has reviewed the multiple types of childhood epilepsies customarily referred to as "myoclonic epilepsies" and has made an attempt at classification. A distinction was made on a clinical neurophysiological basis between true myoclonic and pseudomyoclonic seizures that include brief tonic and atonic attacks. The epilepsies characterized mainly by pseudomyoclonic seizures include infantile spasms (West's syndrome) and the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. The epilepsies manifested principally by true myoclonic seizures comprise two subgroups: a symptomatic type, in which myoclonias are the result of fixed diffuse brain damage; and several cryptogenic forms. The latter may be divided, according to age of onset and clinical features, into several myoclonic syndromes: cryptogenic myoclonic epilepsy of infancy and early childhood, myoclonic epilepsy of childhood with absences, and myoclonic epilepsy of adolescence. Many intermediate and atypical forms exist; thus the proposed classification is only tentative.
本章回顾了通常被称为“肌阵挛性癫痫”的多种儿童癫痫类型，并尝试进行分类。在临床神经生理学基础上，对真正的肌阵挛性发作和假性肌阵挛性发作（包括短暂强直和失张力发作）进行了区分。主要以假性肌阵挛性发作为特征的癫痫包括婴儿痉挛症（韦斯特综合征）和伦诺克斯 - 加斯东综合征。主要以真正的肌阵挛性发作为表现的癫痫包括两个亚组：症状性类型，其中肌阵挛是固定性弥漫性脑损伤的结果；以及几种隐源性形式。后者可根据发病年龄和临床特征分为几种肌阵挛综合征：婴儿期和幼儿期隐源性肌阵挛癫痫、伴有失神发作的儿童肌阵挛癫痫和青少年肌阵挛癫痫。存在许多中间型和非典型形式；因此，所提出的分类只是暂定的。
