Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702
Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2019 Feb 26;116(9):3536-3545. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1805919116. Epub 2019 Feb 11.
Collective cell migration is required for normal embryonic development and contributes to various biological processes, including wound healing and cancer cell invasion. The M-Ras GTPase and its effector, the Shoc2 scaffold, are proteins mutated in the developmental RASopathy Noonan syndrome, and, here, we report that activated M-Ras recruits Shoc2 to cell surface junctions where M-Ras/Shoc2 signaling contributes to the dynamic regulation of cell-cell junction turnover required for collective cell migration. MCF10A cells expressing the dominant-inhibitory M-Ras variant or those lacking Shoc2 exhibited reduced junction turnover and were unable to migrate effectively as a group. Through further depletion/reconstitution studies, we found that M-Ras/Shoc2 signaling contributes to junction turnover by modulating the E-cadherin/p120-catenin interaction and, in turn, the junctional expression of E-cadherin. The regulatory effect of the M-Ras/Shoc2 complex was mediated at least in part through the phosphoregulation of p120-catenin and required downstream ERK cascade activation. Strikingly, cells rescued with the Noonan-associated, myristoylated-Shoc2 mutant (Myr-Shoc2) displayed a gain-of-function (GOF) phenotype, with the cells exhibiting increased junction turnover and reduced E-cadherin/p120-catenin binding and migrating as a faster but less cohesive group. Consistent with these results, Noonan-associated C-Raf mutants that bypass the need for M-Ras/Shoc2 signaling exhibited a similar GOF phenotype when expressed in Shoc2-depleted MCF10A cells. Finally, expression of the Noonan-associated Myr-Shoc2 or C-Raf mutants, but not their WT counterparts, induced gastrulation defects indicative of aberrant cell migration in zebrafish embryos, further demonstrating the function of the M-Ras/Shoc2/ERK cascade signaling axis in the dynamic control of coordinated cell movement.
细胞集体迁移对于正常胚胎发育是必需的,并且有助于多种生物学过程,包括伤口愈合和癌细胞侵袭。M-Ras GTPase 及其效应物 Shoc2 支架是发育性 RASopathy Noonan 综合征中突变的蛋白质,在这里,我们报告激活的 M-Ras 将 Shoc2 募集到细胞表面连接处,其中 M-Ras/Shoc2 信号有助于动态调节细胞-细胞连接处的周转,这是细胞集体迁移所必需的。表达显性抑制性 M-Ras 变体或缺乏 Shoc2 的 MCF10A 细胞表现出连接点周转减少,并且无法有效地作为一个群体迁移。通过进一步的耗尽/重建研究,我们发现 M-Ras/Shoc2 信号通过调节 E-cadherin/p120-catenin 相互作用,进而调节 E-cadherin 的连接表达,有助于连接点的周转。M-Ras/Shoc2 复合物的调节作用至少部分是通过 p120-catenin 的磷酸化调节介导的,并且需要下游 ERK 级联的激活。引人注目的是,用与 Noonan 相关的、豆蔻酰化的 Shoc2 突变体(Myr-Shoc2)拯救的细胞表现出功能获得(GOF)表型,这些细胞表现出连接点周转率增加,E-cadherin/p120-catenin 结合减少,并且作为一个更快但不太有凝聚力的群体迁移。与这些结果一致的是,在 Shoc2 耗尽的 MCF10A 细胞中表达与 Noonan 相关的 C-Raf 突变体,这些突变体绕过了对 M-Ras/Shoc2 信号的需求,表现出类似的 GOF 表型。最后,表达与 Noonan 相关的 Myr-Shoc2 或 C-Raf 突变体,但不是它们的 WT 对应物,诱导了斑马鱼胚胎中表明异常细胞迁移的原肠胚形成缺陷,进一步证明了 M-Ras/Shoc2/ERK 级联信号轴在协调细胞运动的动态控制中的功能。