Relationships Between Reactions of Sweet Corn Hybrids to Stewart's Wilt and Incidence of Systemic Infection by Erwinia stewartii.

Relationships between the reactions of sweet corn hybrids to Stewart's wilt and the incidence of natural, systemic infection by Erwinia stewartii differed among trials in which the prevalence of Stewart's wilt differed. Systemic Stewart's wilt infection was assessed for 262, 296, and 245 hybrids planted in seven trials in central Illinois in June and July 1998, 1999, and 2000, respectively. Incidence of systemic infection was calculated in each trial for all hybrids in each of nine categories of Stewart's wilt reactions (i.e., 1 = resistant and 9 = susceptible). When mean incidence was about 5%, incidence ranged from about 1 to 8% on resistant to moderately susceptible hybrids, but incidence was nearly 30% on susceptible hybrids. When mean incidence ranged from 10 to 16%, the relationships between hybrid reactions and incidence were explained by exponential or polynomial regressions. Incidence was less than 10% for hybrids with resistant and moderately resistant reactions, and incidence was greater than 15% for moderately susceptible to susceptible hybrids. When mean incidence was near 50%, the relationship was linear. Incidence was about 18% for resistant hybrids and about 80% for susceptible hybrids. Incidence increased about 8% for each class of hybrid reaction from 1 to 9. The influence of resistance on the development of systemic infection at very early seedling growth stages also was evaluated in six greenhouse trials. A highly resistant hybrid, Bonus, was systemically infected in two of six greenhouse trials when seedlings were inoculated prior to the V3 growth stage; however, systemic infection was not as severe as on a susceptible hybrid, Jubilee. Systemic infection was more severe on Bonus when plants were inoculated at earlier growth stages between VE and V3. The resistant hybrid Bonus was not systemically infected when inoculated after the V4 growth stage except for one greenhouse trial when all Stewart's wilt ratings were higher than usual. Hybrid reactions to Stewart's wilt affected the incidence of systemic infection in field situations and they affected the growth stage at which resistance effectively prevented systemic movement of E. stewartii within plants in greenhouse trials. This information can be used to determine more effectively when to apply other control measures, such as insecticidal seed treatments.