Naguib Mahmoud M, Verhagen Josanne H, Samy Ahmed, Eriksson Per, Fife Mark, Lundkvist Åke, Ellström Patrik, Järhult Josef D
Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Infect Ecol Epidemiol. 2019 Feb 20;9(1):1575687. doi: 10.1080/20008686.2019.1575687. eCollection 2019.
Wild birds of the orders Anseriforme (mainly ducks, geese and swans) and Charadriiformes (mainly gulls, terns and waders) constitute the natural reservoir for low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses. In Egypt, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 and LPAI H9N2 viruses are endemic in domestic poultry, forming a threat to animal and human health and raising questions about the routes of introduction and mechanisms of persistence. Recently, HPAI H5N8 virus was also introduced into Egyptian domestic birds. Here we review the literature on the role of wild birds in the introduction and endemicity of avian influenza viruses in Egypt. Dabbling ducks in Egypt harbor an extensive LPAI virus diversity and may constitute the route of introduction for HPAI H5N1 and HPAI H5N8 viruses into Egypt through migration, however their role in the endemicity of HPAI H5N1, LPAI H9N2 and potentially other avian influenza virus (AIV) strains - by means of reassortment of viral genes - is less clear. Strengthened surveillance programs, in both domestic and wild birds, that include all LPAI virus subtypes and full genome sequencing are needed to better assess the wild-domestic bird interface and form a basis for evidence-based measures to limit and prevent AIV transmission between wild and domestic birds.
雁形目（主要是鸭、鹅和天鹅）和鸻形目（主要是鸥、燕鸥和涉禽）的野生鸟类是低致病性禽流感（LPAI）病毒的天然宿主。在埃及，高致病性禽流感（HPAI）H5N1和LPAI H9N2病毒在家禽中呈地方流行，对动物和人类健康构成威胁，并引发了关于病毒引入途径和持续存在机制的问题。最近，HPAI H5N8病毒也传入了埃及家禽。在此，我们综述了关于野生鸟类在埃及禽流感病毒引入和地方流行中作用的文献。埃及的涉禽携带广泛的LPAI病毒多样性，可能通过迁徙构成HPAI H5N1和HPAI H5N8病毒传入埃及的途径，然而它们在HPAI H5N1、LPAI H9N2以及可能的其他禽流感病毒（AIV）毒株通过病毒基因重配实现地方流行中的作用尚不清楚。需要加强对家禽和野生鸟类的监测计划，包括所有LPAI病毒亚型和全基因组测序，以更好地评估野生鸟类与家禽的界面，并为限制和预防AIV在野生鸟类和家禽之间传播的循证措施奠定基础。
