Quesenberry P J
Int J Cell Cloning. 1986 Jan;4(1):3-15. doi: 10.1002/stem.5530040102.
A number of growth factors acting on hematopoietic stem cells have now been purified and characterized. These include erythropoietin, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating activity (GM-CSA), granulocyte colony-stimulating activity and colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1). Factors which act in concert with these defined factors and appear to act relatively early in the hematopoietic stem cell lineage are currently under study. Interleukin 3 appears to have both the characteristics of a differentiating hormone and the ability to generate proliferation of relatively early stem cells. Interleukin 3 acts in concert with at least CSF-1 and erythropoietin to enhance their effect on stem cell proliferation and differentiation. A new class of hematopoietic growth factor activities termed synergizing activities also exist. These activities appear to have no intrinsic capacity to stimulate hematopoietic colony formation by themselves but enhance the effects of other differentiating hormones such as GM-CSA and CSF-1. Activities which appear to represent synergizing activities have now been found to evolve from a human bladder carcinoma line, a cell line derived from murine marrow adherent cells and normal murine marrow and thymic cells. These activities may act on very primitive hematopoietic progenitors to allow them to express receptors to various differentiating hormones or alternatively they may act as commitment factors in a commitment-progression model of stem cell regulation.
目前，一些作用于造血干细胞的生长因子已被纯化和鉴定。这些因子包括促红细胞生成素、粒细胞 - 巨噬细胞集落刺激活性（GM - CSA）、粒细胞集落刺激活性和集落刺激因子 - 1（CSF - 1）。目前正在研究与这些已明确的因子协同作用且似乎在造血干细胞谱系中作用相对较早的因子。白细胞介素3似乎兼具分化激素的特征以及使相对早期的干细胞增殖的能力。白细胞介素3与至少CSF - 1和促红细胞生成素协同作用，以增强它们对干细胞增殖和分化的影响。还存在一类新的造血生长因子活性，称为协同活性。这些活性本身似乎没有刺激造血集落形成的内在能力，但能增强其他分化激素如GM - CSA和CSF - 1的作用。现已发现，似乎代表协同活性的活性源自人膀胱癌细胞系、源自小鼠骨髓贴壁细胞以及正常小鼠骨髓和胸腺细胞的细胞系。这些活性可能作用于非常原始的造血祖细胞，使其能够表达针对各种分化激素的受体，或者它们可能在干细胞调节的定向 - 进展模型中充当定向因子。
