Strawn Jeffrey R, Poweleit Ethan A, Ramsey Laura B
1 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.
2 Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.
J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2019 Jun;29(5):340-347. doi: 10.1089/cap.2018.0160. Epub 2019 Feb 28.
Cytochrome P4502C19 () is a highly polymorphic gene that encodes an enzyme that metabolizes escitalopram and sertraline, two selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) that are FDA approved for pediatric use and commonly used to treat anxiety and depressive disorders in youth. Using pharmacokinetic (PK) models in adolescents, we sought to (1) model SSRI dosing across CYP2C19 phenotypes to compare SSRI exposure (area under curve, AUC) and maximum concentration (), (2) evaluate the impact of dosing (in rapid metabolizers [RM] and ultrarapid metabolizers [UM]) on SSRI exposure and , and (3) determine pharmacogenomically-informed dosing strategies to provide similar exposure across CYP2C19 phenotypes in adolescents. Using PK parameters in CYP2C19 phenotype groups and previously reported pediatric PK data for escitalopram and sertraline, we modeled exposure () and and determined CYP2C19-guided dosing strategies. Compared with normal CYP2C19 metabolizers treated with either escitalopram or sertraline, and were higher in slower metabolizers and lower in patients with increased CYP2C19 activity, although the magnitude of these differences was more pronounced for escitalopram than for sertraline. For escitalopram, poor metabolizers (PMs) require 10 mg/day and UMs require 30 mg/day to achieve an exposure that is equivalent to 20 mg/day in a normal metabolizer (NM). For sertraline, to achieve and similar to NMs receiving 150 mg/day, PMs require 100 mg/day, whereas a dose of 200 mg/day was required in rapid and UMs. For UMs, escitalopram dosing was necessary to achieve comparable trough levels and exposure to NMs. This simulation study raises the possibility that achieving similar escitalopram and sertraline plasma concentrations could require dose adjustments in CYP2C19 poor metabolizers and UMs, although the magnitude of these differences were more pronounced for escitalopram than for sertraline. However, prospective trials of pharmacogenomically guided dosing in the pediatric population are needed to extend the findings of these modeling studies.
细胞色素P4502C19()是一种高度多态性基因,编码一种代谢艾司西酞普兰和舍曲林的酶,这两种选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂(SSRI)已获美国食品药品监督管理局(FDA)批准用于儿科,常用于治疗青少年的焦虑和抑郁障碍。我们利用青少年的药代动力学(PK)模型,试图(1)针对CYP2C19不同表型对SSRI给药进行建模,以比较SSRI暴露量(曲线下面积,AUC)和最大浓度();(2)评估给药(在快速代谢者[RM]和超快代谢者[UM]中)对SSRI暴露量和的影响;(3)确定基于药物基因组学的给药策略,以使青少年中不同CYP2C19表型的暴露量相似。利用CYP2C19表型组的PK参数以及先前报道的艾司西酞普兰和舍曲林的儿科PK数据,我们对暴露量()和进行了建模,并确定了CYP2C19指导的给药策略。与接受艾司西酞普兰或舍曲林治疗的正常CYP2C19代谢者相比,慢代谢者的和更高,而CYP2C19活性增加的患者的和更低,尽管这些差异的程度在艾司西酞普兰中比在舍曲林中更为明显。对于艾司西酞普兰,慢代谢者(PMs)需要每天10毫克,超快代谢者需要每天30毫克,以达到与正常代谢者(NM)每天20毫克相当的暴露量。对于舍曲林,为了达到与接受每天150毫克的正常代谢者相似的和,慢代谢者需要每天100毫克,而快速代谢者和超快代谢者则需要每天200毫克的剂量。对于超快代谢者,需要调整艾司西酞普兰的给药剂量,以达到与正常代谢者相当的谷浓度和暴露量。这项模拟研究提出了一种可能性,即对于CYP2C19慢代谢者和超快代谢者,可能需要调整剂量才能使艾司西酞普兰和舍曲林的血浆浓度相似,尽管这些差异的程度在艾司西酞普兰中比在舍曲林中更为明显。然而,需要在儿科人群中进行基于药物基因组学指导给药的前瞻性试验,以扩展这些建模研究的结果。