Kerridge Bradley T, Chou S Patricia, Pickering Roger P
Epidemiology and Biometry Branch, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 5635 Fishers Lane, Room 3075, Rockville, MD 20852.
Epidemiology and Biometry Branch, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Rockville, Maryland, USA.
Prim Care Companion CNS Disord. 2019 Feb 28;21(1):18m02359. doi: 10.4088/PCC.18m02359.
To compare prevalence rates of alcohol, nicotine, and other drug use and major psychiatric disorders (major depressive disorder, persistent depression, bipolar I disorder, agoraphobia, social and specific phobias, and antisocial, schizotypal, and borderline personality disorders) between US-born and foreign-born Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic whites and between early entry versus later-entry foreign-born Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic whites.
Data were derived from face-to-face interviews in the 2012-2013 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III (N = 36,309).
US-born Mexican Americans and US-born non-Hispanic whites were at greater risk (P < .05) of alcohol, nicotine, and any drug use and their associated disorders and other DSM-5 psychiatric disorders relative to their foreign-born counterparts. US-born non-Hispanic whites were more likely (P < .05) to use substances and develop many psychiatric disorders relative to US-born Mexican Americans. Foreign-born Mexican Americans < 18 years old at immigration were at greater risk of drug use, drug use disorders, and nicotine use disorder compared with foreign-born Mexican Americans ≥ 18 years old at immigration. Foreign-born non-Hispanic whites < 18 years old at immigration were more likely to use substances and to develop many psychiatric disorders relative to foreign-born non-Hispanic whites ≥ 18 years old at immigration.
Taken together, the findings of this study support the healthy immigrant hypothesis and adverse role of acculturation for US-born and foreign-born Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic whites. Further research is warranted on immigration status and age at arrival into the United States and those processes underlying differential exposure to substances and development of psychiatric conditions. An understanding of these processes can be invaluable to clinicians in guiding culturally sensitive and informed prevention and intervention efforts.
比较在美国出生和国外出生的墨西哥裔美国人与非西班牙裔白人之间，以及早期入境与后期入境的国外出生的墨西哥裔美国人与非西班牙裔白人之间酒精、尼古丁和其他药物使用情况以及主要精神障碍（重度抑郁症、持续性抑郁症、双相I型障碍、广场恐惧症、社交和特定恐惧症，以及反社会、分裂型和边缘型人格障碍）的患病率。
数据来自2012 - 2013年全国酒精及相关疾病流行病学调查三期（National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III）中的面对面访谈（N = 36,309）。
与国外出生的同龄人相比，在美国出生的墨西哥裔美国人和在美国出生的非西班牙裔白人在酒精、尼古丁和任何药物使用及其相关障碍以及其他《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第5版（DSM-5）精神障碍方面的风险更高（P < 0.05）。与在美国出生的墨西哥裔美国人相比，在美国出生的非西班牙裔白人更有可能（P < 0.05）使用物质并患上多种精神障碍。移民时年龄小于18岁的国外出生的墨西哥裔美国人与移民时年龄≥18岁的国外出生的墨西哥裔美国人相比，药物使用、药物使用障碍和尼古丁使用障碍的风险更高。移民时年龄小于18岁的国外出生的非西班牙裔白人与移民时年龄≥18岁的国外出生的非西班牙裔白人相比，更有可能使用物质并患上多种精神障碍。
总体而言，本研究结果支持健康移民假说以及文化适应对在美国出生和国外出生的墨西哥裔美国人和非西班牙裔白人的不利影响。有必要进一步研究移民身份和抵达美国时的年龄，以及导致物质接触差异和精神疾病发展的潜在过程。了解这些过程对于临床医生指导具有文化敏感性和明智的预防及干预工作可能具有极大价值。
