College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea.
College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea.
Pharmacol Ther. 2019 Jul;199:30-57. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.02.006. Epub 2019 Feb 28.
Breast cancer accounts for 25% of all types of cancer in women, and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) comprises around 15~20% of breast cancers. Conventional chemotherapy and radiation are the primary systemic therapeutic strategies; no other FDA-approved targeted therapies are yet available as for TNBC. TNBC is generally characterized by a poor prognosis and high rates of proliferation and metastases. Due to these aggressive features and lack of targeted therapies, numerous attempts have been made to discover viable molecular targets for TNBC. Massive cohort studies, clinical trials, and in-depth analyses have revealed diverse molecular alterations in TNBC; however, controversy exists as to whether many of these changes are beneficial or detrimental in caner progression. Here we review the complicated tumorigenic processes and discuss critical findings and therapeutic trends in TNBC with a focus on promising therapeutic approaches, the clinical trials currently underway, and potent experimental compounds under preclinical and evaluation.
乳腺癌占女性所有癌症类型的 25%，三阴性乳腺癌（TNBC）约占乳腺癌的 15%~20%。常规化疗和放疗是主要的系统治疗策略；对于 TNBC，目前尚无其他获得 FDA 批准的靶向治疗药物。TNBC 的一般特征是预后不良、增殖和转移率高。由于这些侵袭性特征和缺乏靶向治疗，人们已经进行了大量尝试，以发现 TNBC 的可行分子靶标。大规模队列研究、临床试验和深入分析揭示了 TNBC 中的多种分子改变；然而，对于这些变化在癌症进展中是否有益或有害存在争议。在这里，我们回顾了复杂的肿瘤发生过程，并讨论了 TNBC 的关键发现和治疗趋势，重点介绍了有前途的治疗方法、正在进行的临床试验以及临床前和评估阶段的有效实验化合物。
