Instituto Hospital de Base, Brasília, Brazil.
Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Nutrition. 2019 Jun;62:25-31. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.11.028. Epub 2018 Dec 6.
The interest in non-invasive methods of body composition assessment is on the rise in health care, especially because of its association with clinical outcomes. Technology has revolutionized our understanding of body composition abnormalities, clinical prognostication, and disease follow-up, but translation to bedside is limited, especially in terms of cost effectiveness. Computed tomography gained increased attention in cancer and sarcopenia studies, for instance. Other methods also have interesting features and applications, including bedside ultrasonography, bioelectrical impedance analysis, and dual x-ray absorptiometry. Compelling evidence indicates these methods can be used to accurately and precisely measure skeletal muscle mass, adipose tissue, and edema; diagnose malnutrition-related diseases; and aid in determining prognoses. To apply this technology properly, it is important to understand the advantages and disadvantages of each technique in specific situations of interest. This review introduces concepts and reference studies published in the scientific literature about these techniques and describes important limitations and considerations necessary to incorporate these methods into clinical practice.
人们对非侵入性人体成分评估方法的兴趣在医疗保健领域日益增加，这主要是因为它与临床结果有关。技术已经彻底改变了我们对身体成分异常、临床预后和疾病随访的理解，但在床边的应用却受到限制，特别是在成本效益方面。例如，计算机断层扫描在癌症和肌肉减少症研究中受到了更多关注。其他方法也具有有趣的特征和应用，包括床边超声、生物电阻抗分析和双能 X 射线吸收法。有说服力的证据表明，这些方法可用于准确、精确地测量骨骼肌量、脂肪组织和水肿；诊断与营养不良相关的疾病；并有助于确定预后。为了正确应用这项技术，了解每种技术在特定感兴趣情况下的优缺点非常重要。这篇综述介绍了科学文献中关于这些技术的概念和参考研究，并描述了将这些方法纳入临床实践所必需的重要局限性和考虑因素。
