Weersink Joyce B, Maurits Natasha M, de Jong Bauke M
Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, POB 30.001, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, POB 30.001, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Gait Posture. 2019 May;70:71-78. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2019.02.017. Epub 2019 Feb 23.
Human gait benefits from arm swing, which requires four-limb co-ordination. The Supplementary Motor Area (SMA) is involved in multi-limb coordination. With its location anterior to the leg motor cortex and the pattern of its connections, this suggests a distinct role in gait control.
Is the SMA functionally implicated in gait-related arm swing?
Ambulant electroencephalography (EEG) was employed during walking with and without arm swing in twenty healthy subjects (mean age: 64.9yrs, SD 7.2). Power changes across the EEG frequency spectrum were assessed by Event Related Spectral Perturbation (ERSP) analysis over both the putative SMA at electrode position Fz and additional sensorimotor regions.
During walking with arm swing, midline electrodes Fz and Cz showed a step-related pattern of Event Related Desynchronization (ERD) followed by Event Related Synchronization (ERS). Walking without arm swing was associated with significant ERD-ERS power reduction in the high-beta/low-gamma band over Fz and a power increase over Cz. Electrodes C3 and C4 revealed a pattern of ERD during contralateral- and ERS during ipsilateral leg swing. This ERD power decreased in gait without arm swing (low-frequency band). The ERSP pattern during walking with arm swing was similar at CP1 and CP2: ERD was seen during double support and the initial swing phase of the right leg, while a strong ERS emerged during the second half of the left leg's swing. Walking without arm swing showed a significant power reduction of this ERD-ERS pattern over CP2, while over CP1, ERS during left leg's swing turned into ERD.
The relation between arm swing in walking and a step-related ERD-ERS pattern in the high-beta/low-gamma band over the putative SMA, points at an SMA contribution to integrated cyclic anti-phase movements of upper- and lower limbs. This supports a cortical underpinning of arm swing support in gait control.
人类步态得益于手臂摆动，这需要四肢协调。辅助运动区（SMA）参与多肢体协调。鉴于其位于腿部运动皮层前方及其连接模式，这表明其在步态控制中具有独特作用。
辅助运动区在与步态相关的手臂摆动中是否具有功能牵连？
对20名健康受试者（平均年龄：64.9岁，标准差7.2）在有和没有手臂摆动的行走过程中进行动态脑电图（EEG）监测。通过事件相关频谱微扰（ERSP）分析评估电极位置Fz处假定的辅助运动区以及其他感觉运动区域的脑电图频谱功率变化。
在有手臂摆动的行走过程中，中线电极Fz和Cz显示出与步幅相关的事件相关去同步化（ERD）模式，随后是事件相关同步化（ERS）。无手臂摆动的行走与Fz处高β/低γ频段的显著ERD - ERS功率降低以及Cz处的功率增加相关。电极C3和C4在对侧腿部摆动期间显示出ERD模式，同侧腿部摆动期间显示出ERS模式。在无手臂摆动的步态中，这种ERD功率在低频带降低。在有手臂摆动的行走过程中，CP1和CP2处的ERSP模式相似：在双支撑和右腿初始摆动阶段可见ERD，而在左腿摆动后半段出现强烈的ERS。无手臂摆动的行走在CP2处显示出这种ERD - ERS模式的显著功率降低，而在CP1处，左腿摆动期间的ERS转变为ERD。
行走中手臂摆动与假定辅助运动区上方高β/低γ频段中与步幅相关的ERD - ERS模式之间的关系表明，辅助运动区对上、下肢整合的周期性反相运动有贡献。这支持了步态控制中手臂摆动支撑的皮层基础。
