Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
Clin Transl Gastroenterol. 2019 Feb;10(2):e00012. doi: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000012.
Alterations of gut microbiota have been thought to be associated with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Many studies have reported significant alterations of gut microbiota in patients with IBS based on 16S ribosomal RNA-targeted sequencing. However, results from these studies are inconsistent or even contradictory. We performed a systematic review to explore the alterations of gut microbiota in patients with IBS compared with healthy controls (HCs).
The databases PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Embase were searched for studies published until February 28, 2018, for case-control studies detecting gut microbiota in patients with IBS. Methodological quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The α-diversity and alterations of gut microbiota in patients with IBS compared with HCs were analyzed.
Sixteen articles involving 777 patients with IBS and 461 HCs were included. Quality assessment scores of the studies ranged from 5 to 7. For most studies, patients with IBS had a lower α-diversity than HCs in both fecal and mucosal samples. Relatively consistent changes in fecal microbiota for patients with IBS included increased Firmicutes, decreased Bacteroidetes, and increased Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio at the phylum level, as well as increased Clostridia and Clostridiales, decreased Bacteroidia and Bacteroidales at lower taxonomic levels. Results for mucosal microbiota were inconsistent.
Alterations of gut microbiota exist in patients with IBS and have significant association with the development of IBS. Further studies are needed to draw conclusions about gut microbiota changes in patients with IBS.
This knowledge might improve the understanding of microbial signatures in patients with IBS and would guide future therapeutic strategies.
人们认为肠道微生物群的改变与肠易激综合征（IBS）有关。许多研究基于 16S 核糖体 RNA 靶向测序，报道了 IBS 患者肠道微生物群的显著改变。然而，这些研究的结果并不一致，甚至相互矛盾。我们进行了一项系统评价，以探讨 IBS 患者与健康对照（HCs）相比肠道微生物群的改变。
检索了 PubMed、Cochrane 图书馆、Web of Science 和 Embase 数据库，以获取截至 2018 年 2 月 28 日发表的关于检测 IBS 患者肠道微生物群的病例对照研究。使用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表评估方法学质量。分析了 IBS 患者与 HCs 相比肠道微生物群的 α-多样性和改变。
共纳入 16 篇文章，涉及 777 例 IBS 患者和 461 例 HCs。研究的质量评估分数范围为 5 至 7。对于大多数研究，IBS 患者的粪便和黏膜样本的 α-多样性均低于 HCs。IBS 患者粪便微生物群的相对一致变化包括厚壁菌门增加、拟杆菌门减少和厚壁菌门：拟杆菌门比例增加，以及更低分类水平的梭菌和梭菌目增加、拟杆菌和拟杆菌目减少。黏膜微生物群的结果不一致。
IBS 患者存在肠道微生物群的改变，与 IBS 的发生有显著关联。需要进一步的研究来得出关于 IBS 患者肠道微生物群变化的结论。
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