Crop Research Institute, Drnovska 507, 161 06 Prague, Czech Republic.
Department of Plant Protection, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00 Praha 6-Suchdol, Czech Republic.
Molecules. 2019 Mar 1;24(5):879. doi: 10.3390/molecules24050879.
Every year Chile exports about 2000 tons of boldo folium (), which is used around the world as a traditional herbal medicinal product (THMP), mostly to relieve gastrointestinal disorders. This biomass may be a resource for the agrochemical industry to manufacture botanical insecticides. In this regard, the insecticidal potential of boldo has been poorly investigated. In the present work, hydrodistillation of a commercial boldo folium gave 1.5% (/) of a yellowish essential oil (boldo essential oil, BEO) containing 1,8-cineole (20.7%), -cymene (18.5%), limonene (9.1%), ascaridole (9.1%) and β-phellandrene (6.4%) as the main constituents, as determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). NMR analysis allowed us to determine that ascaridole was mainly represented by the -isomer. BEO was toxic to larvae of the filariasis vector and adults of the housefly , showing LC/LD values of 67.9 mgL and 98.5 µgadult, respectively. On the other hand, lower insecticidal activity was observed against larvae of the moth pest (LD of 268.9 µglarva). It is worth noting that, when tested at LC concentration, BEO was significantly less toxic to aquatic microcrustacean than the conventional insecticide α-cypermethrin. Finally, in the attempt to explore the BEO mode of action, we tested it for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory properties using the Ellman method, obtaining negligible effects (IC = 0.45 mg·mL). Taken together, these results gave new insights into the potential of BEO as a future ingredient of botanical insecticides.
每年智利出口约 2000 吨的矢车菊叶（），这种植物被全球用作传统草药（THMP），主要用于缓解胃肠道疾病。这种生物量可能是农药行业制造植物性杀虫剂的一种资源。在这方面，矢车菊的杀虫潜力尚未得到充分研究。在本工作中，商业矢车菊叶的水蒸馏得到 1.5%（/）的黄色精油（矢车菊精油，BEO），其主要成分由气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）确定为 1,8-桉油醇（20.7%）、-柠檬烯（18.5%）、柠檬烯（9.1%）、驱虫醇（9.1%）和 -蒎烯（6.4%）。NMR 分析使我们能够确定驱虫醇主要由 -异构体组成。BEO 对丝虫病载体的幼虫和家蝇的成虫均具有毒性，LC/LD 值分别为 67.9 mgL 和 98.5 µgadult。另一方面，对鳞翅目害虫的幼虫观察到较低的杀虫活性（LD 为 268.9 µg 幼虫）。值得注意的是，当以 LC 浓度测试时，BEO 对水生甲壳类动物的毒性明显低于常规杀虫剂α-氯氰菊酯。最后，在试图探索 BEO 的作用模式时，我们使用 Ellman 法测试了它对乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）的抑制特性，得到了可忽略的效果（IC = 0.45 mg·mL）。综上所述，这些结果为 BEO 作为未来植物性杀虫剂成分的潜力提供了新的见解。
