Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, United States.
Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, United States.
Curr Opin Struct Biol. 2019 Dec;59:205-215. doi: 10.1016/j.sbi.2019.01.024. Epub 2019 Mar 1.
Citrullination is a post-translational modification of arginine that is catalyzed by the protein arginine deiminases (PADs). Abnormal citrullination is observed in many autoimmune diseases and cancers. Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) are hallmarks of RA and used as diagnostic markers for disease diagnosis. Even though citrullination is associated with many different pathologies, its role remains unclear due to the challenges associated with the detection of citrullinated proteins since the mass change is only 0.984 Da. Moreover, the functional effects of protein citrullination remain mostly unknown. Herein, we discuss a brief overview of PAD structure and function, recent advances in the detection of citrullinated proteins in complex biological systems and the functional consequences of protein citrullination.
瓜氨酸化是一种精氨酸的翻译后修饰，由蛋白质精氨酸脱亚氨酶（PAD）催化。异常的瓜氨酸化在许多自身免疫性疾病和癌症中都有观察到。抗瓜氨酸化蛋白抗体（ACPA）是 RA 的标志，被用作疾病诊断的诊断标志物。尽管瓜氨酸化与许多不同的病理有关，但由于检测瓜氨酸化蛋白相关的挑战，其作用仍不清楚，因为质量变化仅为 0.984 Da。此外，蛋白质瓜氨酸化的功能影响在很大程度上仍然未知。本文讨论了 PAD 结构和功能的简要概述、在复杂生物系统中检测瓜氨酸化蛋白的最新进展以及蛋白质瓜氨酸化的功能后果。
