Reyes-Castillo Pedro, González-Vázquez Raquel, Gutiérrez-Nava Angélica, Mendoza-Pérez Felipe, Navarro González María Del Carmen, Salgado-Sguayo Alfonso, Torres-Maravilla Edgard, Mayorga Reyes Lino, Azaola-Espinosa Alejandro
Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana - Unidad Xochimilco.
CONACYT - Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana - Campus Xochimilco.
Nutr Hosp. 2019 Mar 7;36(1):80-86. doi: 10.20960/nh.1894.
Background: the aim of this study was to evaluate the intake of nutrients, anthropometric parameters, health indicators, adipokines and insulin levels in a population of young undergraduates. Method: in this study, 378 young undergraduates were invited to participate. Due to the inclusion criteria and their own decision of participating, 90 attended the anthropometric, health indicators: waist circumference (WC), waist to hip ratio (WHR), waist to height ratio (WHtR), and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) studies and completed the questionnaire of frequency of food intake; and 34 participants were selected to perform the determination of biochemical parameters, insulin and adipokines levels: leptin, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Results: according to WC, WHR and WHtR, obese population showed health, cardiovascular and metabolic risk. Overweight population showed cardiometabolic risk. In general, lipid intake was higher than 30%, being animal fat the most consumed. The levels of leptin (women: 17.2 ± 9.2, 28 ± 11.3, 36.8 ± 17.8; men: 4.3 ± 3.6, 9.5 ± 3.1, 24.6 ± 16.4 to lean overweight and obese, respectively) and insulin (women: 408 ± 182, 438 ± 187, 768 ± 167; men: 244 ± 88, 520 ± 256, 853 ± 590) increased along with body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BFP), visceral fat area (VFA), WC, WHR and WHtR. Lean (2.4 ± 1.3), overweight (2.2 ± 0.9) and obese (4.3 ± 1.1) women and overweight (2.8 ± 1.2) and obese (5.0 ± 3.1) men showed insulin resistance according to HOMA-IR. Significant correlation between leptin and HOMA-IR was found (p = 0.41). BMI, BFP, VFA, WC, and WHtR positively correlated with leptin (p = 0.67, 0.75, 0.66, 0.60, 0.67, respectively) and insulin (p = 0.37, 0.40, 0.48, 0.49, 0.42, respectively), while WHR only with insulin (p = 0.43). No significant differences were found in the other adipokines. Conclusion: the use of health indicators such VFA, WC, WHR, WHtR and HOMA-IR are useful tools in the determination of health, cardio vascular and metabolic risk and are correlated with levels of leptin and insulin in the studied population.
本研究旨在评估年轻大学生群体的营养摄入、人体测量参数、健康指标、脂肪因子和胰岛素水平。方法：本研究邀请了378名年轻大学生参与。由于纳入标准及他们自身参与的决定，90人参加了人体测量、健康指标（腰围（WC）、腰臀比（WHR）、腰高比（WHtR））及稳态模型评估 - 胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA - IR）研究，并完成了食物摄入频率问卷；34名参与者被选来测定生化参数、胰岛素及脂肪因子水平（瘦素、白细胞介素 - 6（IL - 6）、白细胞介素 - 8（IL - 8）、肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF - α）、单核细胞趋化蛋白 - 1（MCP - 1）和肝细胞生长因子（HGF））。结果：根据WC、WHR和WHtR，肥胖人群显示出健康、心血管和代谢风险。超重人群显示出心脏代谢风险。总体而言，脂肪摄入量高于30%，动物脂肪是摄入最多的。瘦素水平（女性：分别为17.2±9.2、28±11.3、36.8±17.8；男性：分别为4.3±3.6、9.5±3.1、24.6±16.4，对应瘦、超重和肥胖）和胰岛素水平（女性：分别为408±182、438±187、768±167；男性：分别为244±88、520±256、853±590）随体重指数（BMI）、体脂百分比（BFP）、内脏脂肪面积（VFA）、WC、WHR和WHtR的增加而升高。根据HOMA - IR，瘦（2.4±1.3）、超重（2.2±0.9）和肥胖（4.3±1.1）女性以及超重（2.8±1.2）和肥胖（5.0±3.1）男性显示出胰岛素抵抗。发现瘦素与HOMA - IR之间存在显著相关性（p = 0.41）。BMI、BFP、VFA、WC和WHtR与瘦素（分别为p = 0.67、0.75、0.66、0.60、0.67）和胰岛素（分别为p = 0.37、0.40、0.48、0.49、0.42）呈正相关，而WHR仅与胰岛素呈正相关（p = 0.43）。其他脂肪因子未发现显著差异。结论：使用诸如VFA、WC、WHR、WHtR和HOMA - IR等健康指标是确定健康、心血管和代谢风险的有用工具，并且与所研究人群中的瘦素和胰岛素水平相关。
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