生物碱作为化学标志物和生物标志物在植物成分的质量、功效和安全性评估中的应用。
Utility of alkaloids as chemical and biomarkers for quality, efficacy, and safety assessment of botanical ingredients.
机构信息
National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
出版信息
Phytomedicine. 2019 Feb 15;54:347-356. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.03.064. Epub 2018 Mar 28.
BACKGROUND
Selecting the appropriate chemical and bio-markers for monitoring the quality, efficacy, and safety is critical for efficient and reliable assessment of traditional medicines derived from botanical sources. Chemical markers have been implicated primarily in establishing the analytical methodologies aiming at verification of the botanical sources of the raw materials, the extracts, and the finished products such as botanical dietary supplements and nutraceuticals. In addition, they have been employed in differentiation between crude or raw (unprocessed) and processed plant extracts, and identification as well as determination of potential toxicants and adulterants in herbal medicines. Additionally, these chemical markers are utilized for selection of efficient methods for extraction of plants. Further, biomarkers have been exploited in determination of the pharmacokinetic properties of bioactive herbal constituents. Alkaloids, unlike other plant constituents, are uniquely characterized by having basic properties, and possessing substantial and diverse pharmacological effects. These features make alkaloids attractive components for functioning as chemical and biomarkers in determining the quality of botanical ingredients where this class of phytochemicals prevail or is responsible for lending biological effects.
PURPOSE
The aim of the review is to exhibit the function of alkaloids as biomarkers and chemical markers in the evaluation of quality, efficacy, and safety of medicinal herbs and their commercial products.
METHODS
Literature acquisition was accomplished using the most commonly accessed scholarly search engines including SciFinder, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Secondly, the full-texts which are relevant to the topic were included in this review. This was followed by a thorough and detailed analysis of the collected information.
RESULTS
The literature search with main emphasis on the roles of alkaloids in the evaluation of quality, efficacy and safety of herbal medicines was evaluated to provide all succinct information in one place. Compilation of such critical information is expected to help the reader to appreciate alkaloids as important markers in the quality control of herbal drugs and products.
CONCLUSION
The current review article covers the fundamental roles played by alkaloids as chemical and biomarkers in assessing the essential parameters of the quality of botanical ingredients, as briefly described earlier. The utilization of alkaloids as biomarkers to determine the efficacy-linked pharmacokinetic parameters is limited to reviewing studies on human subjects.
背景
选择合适的化学和生物标志物来监测质量、疗效和安全性对于有效和可靠地评估源自植物来源的传统药物至关重要。化学标志物主要用于建立分析方法，旨在验证原材料、提取物和成品（如植物性膳食补充剂和营养保健品）的植物来源。此外，它们还用于区分粗制或未加工（未加工）和加工植物提取物，以及鉴定和确定草药中的潜在毒物和掺杂物。此外，这些化学标志物还用于选择提取植物的有效方法。此外，生物标志物已被用于确定生物活性草药成分的药代动力学特性。生物碱与其他植物成分不同，其特征在于具有碱性，并且具有实质性和多样化的药理作用。这些特征使生物碱成为作为化学和生物标志物确定植物成分质量的有吸引力的成分，其中这类植物化学物质占主导地位或负责赋予生物效应。
目的
本综述的目的是展示生物碱作为生物标志物和化学标志物在评估药用植物及其商业产品的质量、疗效和安全性中的作用。
方法
文献检索是通过最常用的学术搜索引擎（包括 SciFinder、PubMed 和 Google Scholar）完成的。其次，将与主题相关的全文纳入本综述。接下来，对收集到的信息进行了全面详细的分析。
结果
文献检索主要侧重于生物碱在评估草药质量、疗效和安全性中的作用，以提供一个地方的所有简洁信息。此类关键信息的汇编有望帮助读者了解生物碱作为草药药物和产品质量控制的重要标志物。
结论
本文涵盖了生物碱作为化学和生物标志物在评估植物成分质量的基本参数方面发挥的基本作用，如前所述。生物碱作为生物标志物用于确定与疗效相关的药代动力学参数的应用仅限于对人体研究的综述。
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