Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, NY, 13699-5810, USA.
Department of Biology, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, NY, 13699-5805, USA.
Environ Pollut. 2019 May;248:627-634. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.02.085. Epub 2019 Feb 27.
Various parameters can influence the toxic response to silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), including the size and surface properties, as well as the exposure environment and the biological site of action. Herein, we assess the intestinal toxicity of three different sizes (10, 40, and 100 nm) of Ag NPs in embryonic zebrafish, and describe the relationship between the properties and behavior of Ag NPs in the exposure medium, and induction of lethal and sublethal effects. We find that the composition of the medium and the size contribute to differential NPs agglomeration, release of Ag ions, and subsequent effects during exposure. The exposure medium causes dramatic reduction in silver dissolution due to the presence of salts and divalent cations, which limits the lethal potential of silver ions. Lethality is observed primarily for embryos exposed to medium sized Ag NPs (40 nm), but not to the supernatant originated from particles, which suggests that the exposure to particulate silver is the main cause of mortality. On the other hand, the exposure to 10 nm and 100 nm NPs, as well as Ag ions, only causes sublethal developmental defects in skeletal muscles and intestine, and induces a nitric oxide imbalance.
各种参数都会影响到银纳米粒子（Ag NPs）的毒性反应，包括大小和表面特性，以及暴露环境和作用的生物部位。在这里，我们评估了三种不同大小（10、40 和 100nm）的 Ag NPs 在胚胎斑马鱼中的肠道毒性，并描述了暴露介质中 Ag NPs 的性质和行为与诱导致死和亚致死效应之间的关系。我们发现，介质的组成和大小导致了纳米粒子在暴露过程中的不同聚集、Ag 离子的释放以及随后的效应。由于盐和二价阳离子的存在，暴露介质导致银的溶解急剧减少，从而限制了银离子的致死潜力。主要是暴露在中等大小的 Ag NPs（40nm）的胚胎中出现致死现象，而不是来自颗粒的上清液中，这表明暴露于颗粒状银是导致死亡率的主要原因。另一方面，暴露于 10nm 和 100nm NPs 以及 Ag 离子仅会导致骨骼肌肉和肠道出现亚致死性发育缺陷，并诱导一氧化氮失衡。
