Juárez-Vela R, Sarabia-Cobo C M, Antón-Solanas I, Vellone E, Durante A, Gea-Caballero V, Pérez-Calvo J I
Grupo de Investigación en Insuficiencia Cardiaca e Insuficiencia Fisiopatológica de la Interacción Cardiorrenal (IFICaR), Escuela de Enfermería, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón-ISS, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, La Rioja, España.
Facultad de Enfermería, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, España.
Rev Clin Esp (Barc). 2019 Oct;219(7):351-359. doi: 10.1016/j.rce.2018.12.008. Epub 2019 Mar 5.
There is scarce evidence relating to self-care of heart failure (HF) in Spain. In particular, there is a need to establish patients' level of understanding of HF, as well as their ability to recognise signs and symptoms of decompensation.
Cross-sectional study to determine the level of self-care in a population of Spanish patients admitted to hospital with a primary diagnosis of decompensated HF. A convenience sample of 108 patients (50 women and 58 men) aged 83±8 were recruited to participate in this study.
The Self-Care of Heart Failure Index version 6.2 was used to quantify self-care in our sample. Mean and standard deviation from the Self-Care of Heart Failure Index self-care maintenance subscale were: a) "exercise for 30 minutes", 1±1; b) "forget to take one of your medicines", 2±2; c) "ask for low-salt items when eating out or visiting others", 2±1. A percentage of 67.6 had experienced shortness of breath or ankle swelling in the past month. However, the vast majority of our patients were unlikely to independently implement a remedy: a) reduce salt, 2±1; b) reduce fluid intake, 1±1; c) take an extra diuretic, 1±1. Over 50% of our sample felt confident or very confident at following professional advice (3±1), keeping themselves free of symptoms (3±1), recognizing changes in their condition (3±1) and evaluating the significance of such changes (3±1).
HF patients have a significantly low level of self-care when compared with HF patients from other countries, especially when it comes to managing their condition. Self-care promotion should be a priority for all healthcare professionals involved in the care and management of HF patients.
在西班牙，关于心力衰竭（HF）自我护理的证据稀少。特别是，有必要确定患者对HF的理解程度，以及他们识别失代偿体征和症状的能力。
进行横断面研究，以确定以失代偿性HF为主要诊断入院的西班牙患者群体的自我护理水平。招募了108名年龄为83±8岁的患者（50名女性和58名男性）作为便利样本参与本研究。
使用心力衰竭自我护理指数第6.2版对我们样本中的自我护理进行量化。心力衰竭自我护理指数自我护理维持子量表的均值和标准差分别为：a）“锻炼30分钟”，1±1；b）“忘记服用一种药物”，2±2；c）“外出就餐或拜访他人时要求提供低盐食物”，2±1。67.6%的患者在过去一个月内出现过呼吸急促或脚踝肿胀。然而，绝大多数患者不太可能独立采取补救措施：a）减少盐分摄入，2±1；b）减少液体摄入量，1±1；c）额外服用利尿剂，1±1。超过50%的样本患者在遵循专业建议（3±1）、保持无症状（3±1）、识别病情变化（3±1）以及评估此类变化的重要性（3±1）方面感到有信心或非常有信心。
与其他国家的HF患者相比，西班牙HF患者的自我护理水平显著较低，尤其是在病情管理方面。对于所有参与HF患者护理和管理的医疗保健专业人员而言，促进自我护理应成为首要任务。
