Laboratory of Accidentology, Biomechanics and human behavior, PSA Peugeot Citroën - Renault (LAB), Nanterre, France.
User Experience, Research Department, Renault, Guyancourt, France.
Accid Anal Prev. 2019 Jun;127:96-109. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2019.02.010. Epub 2019 Mar 6.
With the aging of the population the issue of older drivers safety has gained importance in recent years. Age-related cognitive decline is frequently cited as the main cause of unsafe driving performance in older drivers.
The present study investigated how executive functions (EFs), measured as latent variables, are related to on-road driving performance during aging.
One hundred and twenty-six participants aged from twenty to eighty-two, completed a two hundred and forty-seven km on-road driving test and a set of executive tasks selected to tap three often postulated EFs: inhibition (inhibiting prepotent responses), updating (updating working memory representations), and shifting (shifting task sets).
Confirmatory factor analysis reproduces previous results obtained by Miyake et al. (2000), Miyake and Friedman (2012) of unity and diversity of EFs in an adult life span sample. Structural equation modeling suggested that on-road driving performance was related to inhibition. Furthermore, findings indicate that the age-related driving performance decline in normal aging may be mediated by the inhibition function.
The results highlight the importance of a proper method to assess executive functioning in a specific domain as well as emphasising the major role of those functions in driving performance while aging.
近年来，随着人口老龄化，老年司机安全问题变得越来越重要。与年龄相关的认知能力下降经常被认为是老年司机不安全驾驶行为的主要原因。
本研究调查了执行功能（EFs）如何作为潜在变量与衰老过程中的道路驾驶表现相关。
126 名年龄在 20 至 82 岁之间的参与者完成了 247 公里的道路驾驶测试和一系列执行任务，这些任务旨在测试三种经常被提出的执行功能：抑制（抑制优势反应）、更新（更新工作记忆表示）和转换（转换任务集）。
验证性因素分析再现了 Miyake 等人（2000 年）、Miyake 和 Friedman（2012 年）在成人寿命样本中关于 EF 的统一性和多样性的先前结果。结构方程模型表明，道路驾驶表现与抑制有关。此外，研究结果表明，正常衰老过程中与年龄相关的驾驶表现下降可能是由抑制功能介导的。
研究结果强调了在特定领域评估执行功能的适当方法的重要性，以及强调了这些功能在衰老过程中对驾驶表现的重要作用。
