RWTH Aachen University, ABBt- Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Aachen, Germany.
IWW Water Centre, Mülheim a.d. Ruhr, Germany; University Duisburg-Essen, Zentrum für Wasser- und Umweltforschung (ZWU), Germany.
Sci Total Environ. 2019 Jun 1;667:809-820. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.435. Epub 2019 Feb 28.
Effect-based methods (EBMs) are recommended as holistic approach for diagnosis and monitoring of water quality; however, the application of EBMs is still scare in China. In the present study, water quality of the freshwater lake Taihu (China) was investigated by EBMs. Different types of water samples were collected from three bays of the lake during 2015, 2016 and 2017. A battery of seven effect-based bioassays, including both specific and non-specific toxicity assays, was used. The bioassay battery was recently suggested based on joint activities of the EU project SOLUTIONS and the NORMAN network on emerging pollutants and is also under discussion for being implemented into monitoring activities in the context of the European Water Framework Directive (WFD). Adverse effects were observed towards the primary producer, primary consumer and fish, indicating the potential ecotoxicity of water in Taihu Lake. Mutagenic and estrogenic effects were found in the Ames fluctuation assay and ERα CALUX (Chemically Activated Luciferase Gene-eXpression) assay, respectively, highlighting the potential risks on human health. Algal growth inhibition and mutagenic effects can be observed during each of the three years. Acute toxicity towards Daphnia magna and estrogen receptor agonistic effects were found in at least one of the samples collected in 2016 and 2017, but not in 2015. The endpoints for fish toxicity in the Danio rerio fish embryo test included both lethal and additionally several sublethal effects (only for samples from 2017) and were not compared between years. Algal growth inhibition, fish embryo toxicity, mutagenic effect and estrogenicity were observed in each of the three bays, while Daphnia acute toxicity was only found in Zhushan Bay. Taking together, this study provides a big picture on the water quality of Taihu Lake. The battery of effect-based tools is promising to be a routine for water quality monitoring in China.
基于效应的方法（EBMs）被推荐作为诊断和监测水质的整体方法；然而，EBMs 的应用在中国仍然很少。本研究采用基于效应的方法（EBMs）对中国淡水湖泊太湖的水质进行了调查。于 2015 年、2016 年和 2017 年期间，从该湖的三个海湾采集了不同类型的水样。使用了一套由七种基于效应的生物测定组成的电池，包括特异性和非特异性毒性测定。该生物测定电池是基于欧盟 SOLUTIONS 项目和新兴污染物 NORMAN 网络的联合活动最近提出的，并且也在讨论中，将被纳入欧洲水框架指令（WFD）背景下的监测活动。对初级生产者、初级消费者和鱼类都观察到了不良影响，这表明太湖水中存在潜在的生态毒性。在艾姆斯波动试验和 ERα CALUX（化学激活荧光素基因表达）试验中分别发现了致突变和雌激素效应，突出了对人类健康的潜在风险。在三年中的每一年都可以观察到藻类生长抑制和致突变作用。在 2016 年和 2017 年采集的至少一个样本中发现了对大型蚤的急性毒性和雌激素受体激动作用，但在 2015 年没有。在斑马鱼胚胎试验中，鱼类毒性的终点包括致死和几种亚致死效应（仅适用于 2017 年的样本），并且未在各年之间进行比较。在三个海湾都观察到藻类生长抑制、鱼类胚胎毒性、致突变作用和雌激素活性，而大型蚤急性毒性仅在竹山区发现。总的来说，本研究提供了太湖水质的全貌。基于效应的工具组合有望成为中国水质监测的常规方法。
