Branthwaite Helen, Chockalingam Nachiappan
Centre for Biomechanics and Rehabilitation Technologies, Staffordshire University, United Kingdom.
Centre for Biomechanics and Rehabilitation Technologies, Staffordshire University, United Kingdom.
Foot (Edinb). 2019 Jun;39:11-14. doi: 10.1016/j.foot.2019.01.007. Epub 2019 Jan 17.
Footwear has been used to protect feet for millennia with socially exclusive population adopting stylish and fashionable shoes with expensive materials. In terms of historic timeline, only more recently footwear has been worn by all classes in the western world as an integral part of their apparel. Traditionally, footwear has been constructed from natural materials, mainly leather, but has recently benefitted from the flexibility that technology has provided with a plethora materials and new design innovations. Although it has expanded the availability for a variety of consumers, the choice and fit continue to be problematic with many individuals wearing shoes that are ill-fitting. Provision of specific footwear advice for problem feet is poorly evidenced and is heavily practitioner dependant limiting its efficacy. There is limited understanding as to the changes that can occur from regularly wearing footwear that is unsuitable in shape, style and construction which is referred to as ill-fitting. Current research on the effect that everyday footwear has on foot function and pain focuses mainly on women's shoes, particularly high heels. Defining what is a good fitting shoe, that does not damage the foot or mechanics of walking, may need to be individualised, but best fit is based on loose historical parameters rather than research evidence. The aim of this overview is to highlight aspects of current research, establishing what is known about the effect's shoes have on the feet as well as exploring the mythology around footwear fit and advice that is often historical in nature.
几千年来，鞋子一直被用于保护双脚，社会上的特权阶层会选用采用昂贵材料制作的时尚鞋子。从历史时间线来看，在西方世界，直到最近鞋子才成为各阶层人们服装中不可或缺的一部分。传统上，鞋子由天然材料制成，主要是皮革，但最近受益于技术带来的灵活性，有了大量的材料和新的设计创新。尽管这扩大了各类消费者的选择范围，但许多人穿的鞋子不合脚，选择和合脚度仍然是个问题。针对有问题的双脚提供具体的鞋类建议缺乏充分证据，且严重依赖从业者，限制了其效果。对于经常穿着形状、款式和结构不合适（即不合脚）的鞋子可能产生的变化，人们了解有限。目前关于日常鞋子对足部功能和疼痛影响的研究主要集中在女鞋，尤其是高跟鞋上。定义一双不会损害足部或行走力学的合脚鞋子，可能需要因人而异，但最佳合脚度是基于宽松的历史参数，而非研究证据。本综述的目的是突出当前研究的各个方面，确定关于鞋子对足部影响的已知情况，并探讨围绕鞋类合脚度及往往基于历史的建议的相关误区。
