Division of Alcohol and Drug Abuse, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Division of Alcohol and Drug Abuse, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Curr Opin Psychol. 2019 Dec;30:54-58. doi: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2019.01.011. Epub 2019 Jan 28.
Substances of abuse are characterized by their rewarding effects and engagement of reward pathways in the brain. However, these substances also provide rapid relief of negative affect, and thus are highly negatively reinforcing. Accordingly, negative affectivity and other affective vulnerabilities (factors related to the experience of affect) are strongly linked to problematic substance use and substance use disorders. In this review, we provide a critical overview of the literature on affective vulnerabilities in substance use disorders. We discuss how both the experience of affect (e.g. negative affectivity, stress reactivity) and the interpretation of affect (e.g. distress intolerance, anxiety sensitivity) are pertinent to the development, maintenance, and treatment of substance use disorders.
滥用物质的特点是它们具有奖励作用，并能激活大脑中的奖励通路。然而，这些物质也能迅速缓解负面情绪，因此具有高度的负强化作用。因此，负面情绪和其他情感脆弱性（与情感体验相关的因素）与问题性物质使用和物质使用障碍密切相关。在这篇综述中，我们对物质使用障碍中的情感脆弱性文献进行了批判性的回顾。我们讨论了体验情感（例如，负面情绪特质、压力反应性）和解释情感（例如，痛苦耐受力、焦虑敏感性）如何与物质使用障碍的发展、维持和治疗有关。
