Genetic aspects of some reproductive, udder health and energy status traits in Holstein cows.

The objective of this study was to estimate heritability as well as genetic and environmental relationships between days to first heat (DFH), days to first service (DFS), interval from calving to conception (ICC), calving interval (CI) and number of inseminations per conception (NIS) with mastitis (Mast), number of mastitis occurrence (NumMast), different measures of somatic cell count (SCC) and fat to protein ratio (F:P) in the first lactation of Holstein cows in Iran using linear and threshold animal and sire models. The 33851 first lactation records of Holstein cows from five large dairy herds with calving dates from March 2002 to September 2014 were analyzed with univariate and bivariate linear and threshold animal and sire models using Gibbs sampling methodology. Data from parity one to nine comprising 62483 records were used to conduct repeatability model analysis for reproductive traits. Heritabilities of the reproduction traits varied from 0.067 (for ICC) to 0.105 (for DFH) using linear animal models. Also, the heritabilities of udder health traits varied from 0.005 to 0.102 using different models. The repeatabilities of reproductive traits ranged from 0.110 to 0.307. In general, the genetic correlations (r) between reproduction traits were positive and high (with the exception of r between DFH-NIS). The r between reproduction traits with udder health traits ranged from -0.029 to 0.359 and 0.151 to 0.584 using linear-linear and threshold-linear animal models, respectively. Generally, there was favorable r between reproduction traits with udder health traits; therefore, selection for one set of these traits would improve the correlated traits. However, due to different (co)variance components and economic weights in each country/region, it can be recommended to investigate inclusion of both sets of these traits in breeding objectives.