Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar 751019, Odisha, India.
Rev Environ Health. 2019 Mar 26;34(1):69-79. doi: 10.1515/reveh-2018-0049.
Environmental pharmacology is the knowledge, study and the methods implemented for amalgamating the presence of pharmaceutical products and their metabolites in the environment. Pharmaceutical and house care products and their metabolites gain access to the environment through various means and affect the flora and fauna and modulate the ecosystem. The effect on wildlife, biofilms and human are being studied to gain knowledge of sources and causations. Potential risks of development of acute and chronic toxicity, carcinogenicity, interference with hormone and immune systems and drug resistance are of major concern. They may alter the genome and can affect future generations leaving them vulnerable to disease. There are regulations in good manufacturing practices and disposal which take into account the environmental risks but the knowledge for stakeholders and their implementation is very restricted. Ecopharmacology and ecopharmacovigilance are propagators of green healthcare. A strategy towards human health risk assessment and ecotoxicological hazard evaluation must be developed and risk minimization measures to be sought for and applied.
环境药理学是一门将药物及其代谢物在环境中的存在进行综合研究的知识、学科和方法。药物和家居护理产品及其代谢物通过各种途径进入环境，影响动植物区系，并调节生态系统。正在研究对野生动物、生物膜和人类的影响，以了解其来源和原因。药物开发的急性和慢性毒性、致癌性、对激素和免疫系统的干扰以及耐药性等潜在风险是主要关注点。它们可能会改变基因组，影响后代，使他们易患疾病。良好生产规范和处置中有考虑到环境风险的规定，但利益相关者的相关知识和实施非常有限。生态药理学和生态药物警戒是绿色医疗保健的推动者。必须制定针对人类健康风险评估和生态毒理学危害评估的策略，并寻求和应用风险最小化措施。
