Infection-Related Glomerulonephritis

Glomerulonephritis results from immune dysregulation-mediated glomerular injury. Many infections can trigger glomerulonephritis, including endocarditis; enterocolitis; pneumonia; intraventricular shunt infections; viral infections, such as hepatitis B and C, HIV, and SARS-CoV-2; and parasitic infections, such as malaria, filariasis, and schistosomiasis. Previously, poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis was the leading cause of bacterial infection-related glomerulonephritis. During the past few decades, other triggers for bacterial-associated infection-related glomerulonephritis have evolved, including staphylococcalinfection-associated glomerulonephritis, subacute bacterial endocarditis, shunt nephritis, indwelling central venous catheters, and visceral abscesses. For simplification, bacterial infection-related glomerulonephritis can be divided into: Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. Staphylococcal infection-associated glomerulonephritis. Other bacterial infection-associated glomerulonephritis, including shunt nephritis, subacute bacterial endocarditis, central venous catheter infections, and visceral abscesses. Nonbacterial causes, including viruses, fungi, and parasites.