Kaiser W J, Muehlbauer F J, Hannan R M, Mihov M
USDA, ARS, Washington State University, Pullman 99164-6402.
Institute for Wheat and Sunflower 'Dobroudja' near General Toshevo, Bulgaria.
Plant Dis. 1998 Jul;82(7):830. doi: 10.1094/PDIS.1998.82.7.830B.
Pisum sativum L. subsp. elatius (Steven ex M. Bieb.) Asch. & Graebn. is a wild pea species that is native to Bulgaria. It readily crosses to the cultivated pea species P. sativum subsp. sativum. Field pea is an important component in the crop rotation system of the northeast region of Bulgaria. Little is known or published on the diseases of wild Pisum subspecies. In June 1997, brown to reddish brown, irregularly shaped lesions 5 to 10 mm in diameter were found on the leaves and stems of P. sativum subsp. elatius growing under native conditions in the low growing vegetation in a mixed forest habitat on the Black Sea coast at Albena, Bulgaria (43°22'26″N; 28°05'02″E) at an elevation of about 50 m. Black pycnidia were observed within lesions and contained hyaline, primarily two-celled conidia that measured 7 to 17 × 3 to 5 μm. On artificially inoculated pea stem pieces incubated on 2% water agar (WA) at 22 to 24°C for 28 days, pseudothecia developed with hyaline, two-celled ascospores constricted at the septum and measuring 12 to 17 × 4 to 7 μm. Black chlamydospores produced singly or in chains also formed in infected foliar tissues and on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and WA. Isolations were made from the lesions on pea tissue onto WA and PDA after disinfesting in 0.25% NaOCl for 5 min. Koch's postulates were fulfilled by inoculating the foliage of P. sativum subsp. sativum cvs. Dark Skin Perfection and Sounder and P. sativum subsp. elatius (W6-20047), and reisolating the fungus from lesions that developed on the inoculated leaves and stems. The wild Pisum fungus was identified as Mycosphaerella pinodes (Berk. & Blox.) Vestergr. based on cultural and morphological characteristics (2), pathogenicity tests, and by comparing random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers with those of American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) isolates 201628 to 201633 of M. pinodes. The fungus was identified as a pathogen of cultivated peas in Bulgaria by Kovachevsky and Hristov (1) in 1949. This is the first report of M. pinodes infecting P. sativum subsp. elatius in Bulgaria and other countries where P. sativum subsp. elatius is a native plant species. References: (1) I. H. Kovachevsky and A. Hristov. 1949. Bulgarian Acad. Sci., Scientific-Popular Ser. 10. (2) E. Punithalingam and P. Holliday. 1972. CMI Descript. of Pathog. Fungi and Bacteria, no. 340. Commonwealth Mycol. Institute, Kew, England.
豌豆（Pisum sativum L. 亚种elatius (Steven ex M. Bieb.) Asch. & Graebn.）是一种原产于保加利亚的野生豌豆品种。它很容易与栽培豌豆品种Pisum sativum亚种sativum杂交。饲用豌豆是保加利亚东北部作物轮作系统的重要组成部分。关于野生豌豆亚种的病害，人们了解和发表的内容很少。1997年6月，在保加利亚阿尔贝纳黑海沿岸海拔约50米的混交林栖息地低生长植被中，在自然条件下生长的Pisum sativum亚种elatius的叶片和茎上发现了直径5至10毫米的褐色至红棕色、形状不规则的病斑。在病斑内观察到黑色分生孢子器，其中含有透明的、主要为双细胞的分生孢子，大小为7至17×3至5微米。在22至24°C下于2%水琼脂（WA）上培养28天的人工接种豌豆茎段上，产生了假囊壳，其透明的双细胞子囊孢子在隔膜处缢缩，大小为12至17×4至7微米。在受感染的叶片组织以及马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂（PDA）和WA上也形成了单独或成链的黑色厚垣孢子。在0.25%次氯酸钠中消毒5分钟后，从豌豆组织上的病斑分离到WA和PDA上。通过接种Pisum sativum亚种sativum品种Dark Skin Perfection和Sounder以及Pisum sativum亚种elatius（W6 - 20047）的叶片，并从接种叶片和茎上形成的病斑重新分离出真菌，从而满足了柯赫氏法则。基于培养和形态特征（2）、致病性测试以及将随机扩增多态性DNA（RAPD）标记与美国典型培养物保藏中心（ATCC）的M. pinodes分离株201628至201633的标记进行比较，该野生豌豆真菌被鉴定为豌豆球腔菌（Mycosphaerella pinodes (Berk. & Blox.) Vestergr.）。1949年，科瓦切夫斯基和赫里斯托夫（1）将该真菌鉴定为保加利亚栽培豌豆的病原体。这是豌豆球腔菌感染保加利亚以及其他Pisum sativum亚种elatius为本土植物物种的国家的Pisum sativum亚种elatius的首次报道。参考文献：（1）I. H. 科瓦切夫斯基和A. 赫里斯托夫。1949年。保加利亚科学院，科学普及系列10。（2）E. 普尼萨林加姆和P. 霍利迪。1972年。英联邦真菌研究所真菌和细菌病原体描述第340号。英国邱园英联邦真菌研究所。
