Kaiser W J, Mihov M, Muehlbauer F J, Hannan R M
USDA, ARS, Western Regional Plant Introduction Station, Washington State University, Pullman 99164-6402.
Institute for Wheat and Sunflower 'Dobroudja' near General Toshevo, Bulgaria.
Plant Dis. 1998 Jan;82(1):128. doi: 10.1094/PDIS.1998.82.1.128C.
In June 1992 and 1995, anthracnose of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) incited by Colletotrichum truncatum (Schwein.) Andrus & W. D. Moore was widespread in field trials at the Institute for Wheat and Sunflower 'Dobroudja' near General Toshevo in northeastern Bulgaria. Lesions on the leaves, stems, and pods were usually white to grayish on younger plants, often turning brown as plants matured. Severe infection usually resulted in dieback and/or death of plants. Acervuli containing spores and dark setae were observed within lesions, and conidia from the acervuli produced pure cultures of C. truncatum. Conidia were hyaline, onecelled, falcate to nearly straight with a prominent clear area in the center of highly granular cytoplasm, and measured 17.6 to 19.8 × 4.4 μm. C. truncatum was seed-borne in naturally infected lentil cv. Tadjikskaya 95 at low frequencies (<2%). Koch's postulates were fulfilled by inoculating the foliage of lentil cvs. Brewer and Pardina and reisolating the fungus from stem and petiole lesions. In pathogenicity tests, three isolates of C. truncatum from the foliage and seeds of lentil caused severe symptoms on inoculated lentil cvs. Brewer and Pardina, similar to those observed on diseased lentils in Bulgaria. The fungus also caused moderate symptoms on inoculated faba bean (Vicia faba L.) and pea (Pisum sativum L.), and light symptoms on inoculated chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). In 1995, 258 USDA Plant Introduction (PI) accessions from the USDA lentil core collection were screened in replicated trials in northeastern Bulgaria and disease symptoms were observed in >90% of the lines. Anthracnose severity ranged from light to severe. A few accessions appeared to have acceptable levels of resistance to the disease. These included accessions from Iran (PI 431714 and 431717) and Spain (PI 533693). Also that year, C. truncatum was isolated from stem lesions of naturally infected bitter vetch (Vicia ervilia (L.) Willd.) at the Institute for Wheat and Sunflower 'Dobroudja'. The disease in Bulgaria appears to be identical to one causing anthracnose of lentil in Canada (1) and the United States (2). This is the first report of C. truncatum causing anthracnose of lentil in Bulgaria. References: (1) R. A. A. Morrall. Plant Dis. 72:994, 1988. (2) J. R. Venette et al. Plant Dis. 78:1216, 1994.
1992年6月和1995年，由截形炭疽菌（Colletotrichum truncatum (Schwein.) Andrus & W. D. Moore）引起的小扁豆炭疽病，在保加利亚东北部托舍沃将军镇附近的小麦和向日葵研究所“多布罗加”的田间试验中广泛发生。在较嫩的植株上，叶片、茎和豆荚上的病斑通常为白色至浅灰色，随着植株成熟，病斑常变为褐色。严重感染通常导致植株枯萎和/或死亡。在病斑内观察到含有孢子和深色刚毛的分生孢子盘，从分生孢子盘上分离得到的分生孢子可培养出截形炭疽菌的纯培养物。分生孢子无色透明，单细胞，镰刀形至近直形，在高度颗粒状细胞质的中央有一个明显的透明区域，大小为17.6至19.8×4.4μm。截形炭疽菌以低频率（<2%）通过种子传播于自然感染的小扁豆品种塔吉克斯卡亚95中。通过接种小扁豆品种布鲁尔（Brewer）和帕尔迪纳（Pardina）的叶片，并从茎和叶柄病斑中重新分离出该真菌，从而验证了柯赫氏法则。在致病性试验中，从小扁豆叶片和种子中分离得到的3株截形炭疽菌，对接种的小扁豆品种布鲁尔和帕尔迪纳造成了严重症状，与在保加利亚患病小扁豆上观察到的症状相似。该真菌对接种的蚕豆（Vicia faba L.）和豌豆（Pisum sativum L.）也造成中度症状，对接种的鹰嘴豆（Cicer arietinum L.）造成轻度症状。1995年，在美国农业部小扁豆核心种质库的258份美国农业部植物引种（PI）材料在保加利亚东北部的重复试验中进行了筛选，在超过90%的品系中观察到了病害症状。炭疽病严重程度从轻度到重度不等。少数种质似乎对该病具有可接受的抗性水平。这些种质包括来自伊朗的（PI 431714和431717）和西班牙的（PI 533693）。同年，还从小麦和向日葵研究所“多布罗加”自然感染的苦野豌豆（Vicia ervilia (L.) Willd.）的茎病斑中分离出了截形炭疽菌。保加利亚的这种病害似乎与在加拿大（1）和美国（2）引起小扁豆炭疽病为同一病害。这是截形炭疽菌引起保加利亚小扁豆炭疽病的首次报道。参考文献:（1）R. A. A. Morrall. 《植物病害》72:994, 1988。（2）J. R. Venette等人. 《植物病害》78:1216,
