Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Sci Rep. 2019 Mar 12;9(1):4239. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-40802-4.
Disgust affects interpersonal relationships and regulates hygienic, sexual and distance behaviour. Its intensity in the interpersonal context depends on the character of the relationship. Strangers normally evoke more disgust than intimates (known as the source effect). General disgust sensitivity is increased in various mental diseases. It is unclear how disgust in the interpersonal context is affected and whether the source effect is preserved. 460 inpatients with mental disorders and 463 healthy subjects answered a newly developed Questionnaire (DIRQ) that covers disgust in the interpersonal context on content categories (hygiene, physical proximity, sexuality) and on source categories (self, partner, parent, stranger). Mental disorders were diagnosed with structured interviews. Healthy controls exhibited a pronounced source effect, with strangers evoking more disgust than intimates. In patients, this source effect was reduced (Cohen's d = 0.3), especially for sexual disgust, while general disgust sensitivity was increased (d = 0.5). High disgust in patients was best predicted by a history of sexual abuse and by the presence of post-traumatic stress disorder. In conclusion, mentally impaired patients show increased and trauma-associated disgust sensitivity. Their downregulation of sexual disgust in intimate relationships is hindered, which may have a boundary protective function but might also fuel difficulties engaging in relationships or intimacy.
厌恶感会影响人际关系，并调节卫生、性和距离行为。在人际环境中，其强度取决于关系的性质。陌生人通常比熟人更能引起厌恶感（称为来源效应）。各种精神疾病会增加一般的厌恶敏感性。目前尚不清楚人际关系中的厌恶感是如何受到影响的，以及来源效应是否得以保留。460 名精神障碍住院患者和 463 名健康受试者回答了一个新开发的问卷（DIRQ），该问卷涵盖了人际关系中在内容类别（卫生、身体接近、性）和来源类别（自我、伴侣、父母、陌生人）上的厌恶感。精神障碍的诊断采用了结构化访谈。健康对照组表现出明显的来源效应，即陌生人比熟人更能引起厌恶感。在患者中，这种来源效应减弱（Cohen's d=0.3），特别是在性厌恶方面，而一般的厌恶敏感性增加（d=0.5）。患者的高厌恶感最好由性虐待史和创伤后应激障碍的存在来预测。总之，精神受损的患者表现出更高的、与创伤相关的厌恶敏感性。他们在亲密关系中对性厌恶的调节受到阻碍，这可能具有边界保护功能，但也可能导致他们在建立关系或亲密关系方面遇到困难。
