GNG7 silencing promotes the proliferation and differentiation of placental cytotrophoblasts in preeclampsia rats through activation of the mTOR signaling pathway.

Preeclampsia (PE) is a pathological condition that manifests during pregnancy as the occurrence of an abnormal urine protein level and increased blood pressure due to inadequate cytotrophoblast invasion. To elucidate the mechanism underlying PE, the present study primarily focused on the regulatory effects and mechanism of the G protein γ 7 (GNG7) on placental cytotrophoblasts in a rat PE model. Initially, the PE model was established with 45 specific pathogen‑free Sprague‑Dawley rats (30 females and 15 males). The expression patterns of GNG7, 4E‑binding protein 1 (4E‑BP1), phosphoprotein 70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) were examined in the PE rats. Placental cytotrophoblasts isolated from normal and PE rats were treated with a small interfering RNA against GNG7, mTOR signaling pathway activator (HIV‑1 Tat) or inhibitor (rapamycin). Following treatment, cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis were evaluated, and mTOR signaling pathway‑related factors (4E‑BP1, p70S6K and mTOR), cell proliferation‑related factors (vascular endothelial growth factor and transforming growth factor‑β1), differentiation‑related factors [activator protein‑2 (AP‑2)α and AP‑2γ], and apoptosis‑related factors [B‑cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‑2) and Bcl‑2‑associated X protein] were determined. Finally, soluble fms‑like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt‑1) and soluble endoglin (sEng) levels were measured via enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay. Initially, the mTOR signaling pathway was inactivated in the placental tissues and cytotrophoblasts in the PE rats. Silencing GNG7 reduced the levels of sFlt‑1 and sEng and activated the mTOR signaling pathway. Silencing of GNG7 or activation of the mTOR signaling pathway enhanced cell proliferation and differentiation, but inhibited the apoptosis of placental cytotrophoblasts in the PE rats. Taken together, the results showed that GNG7 silencing repressed apoptosis and enhanced the proliferation and differentiation of placental cytotrophoblasts in PE rats through activation of the mTOR signaling pathway.