Duering Andreas
Institut für forensisches Sachverständigenwesen (IfoSA), München & School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, UK.
Anthropol Anz. 2019 Sep 1;76(3):217-221. doi: 10.1127/anthranz/2019/0907.
This article describes the agent-based modelling of catastrophic events using skeletal data from archaeological excavations with special regard to massacres and inter-personal violence. It is well-known, that the age and sex distributions of massacre sites and normal cemeteries formed over an extended period of use show drastic differences (Margerison & Knüsel 2002). Living populations and cemetery populations have different distributions of the average ages of the individuals living in the group/ interred in the cemetery. However, the problems of correctly ageing skeletal human remains and mixed contexts, in which both attritional and catastrophic influences can be found, require an analytical tool which allows researchers to try out and play through different scenarios. The Population & Cemetery Simulator (PCS) allows researchers to model massacres. The Neolithic massacre of Talheim and a possible Late Neolithic war grave in central Iberia are presented as examples.
本文介绍了利用考古发掘的骨骼数据对灾难性事件进行基于主体的建模，特别关注大屠杀和人际暴力。众所周知，经过长期使用形成的大屠杀遗址和正常墓地的年龄和性别分布存在显著差异（马杰里森和克努塞尔，2002年）。生活人口和墓地人口中个体的平均年龄分布不同。然而，正确确定人类骨骼遗骸的年龄以及存在既有自然损耗又有灾难性影响的混合背景的问题，需要一种分析工具，使研究人员能够尝试并模拟不同的场景。人口与墓地模拟器（PCS）使研究人员能够对大屠杀进行建模。文中以塔尔海姆新石器时代大屠杀和伊比利亚中部一个可能的新石器时代晚期战争坟墓为例进行了说明。
