Degos Bertrand
Service de neurologie, hôpital Avicenne, Hôpitaux universitaires de Paris - Seine- Saint-Denis, AP-HP, Bobigny, France. Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, Inserm U1050, CNRS UMR7241, Labex Memolife, Paris Sciences et Lettres, Paris, France.
Rev Prat. 2018 Jun;68(6):654-656.
Essential tremor. Essential tremor is very common in the general population. It is a postural tremor occurring in adulthood, evolving progressively and whose severity can be very variable from one individual to another. A positive effect of alcohol is often reported. Its pathophysiology remains poorly understood but candidate genes have been identified in some families. From a therapeutic point of view, a first-line treatment based on propanolol or primidone may be prescribed in case of discomfort. In case of inefficiency or intolerance, second-line treatments are available but their anti-tremor effect is very variable, depending on patients. In case of pharmacoresistance, the stimulation of the VIM nucleus of the thalamus is a very effective neurosurgical option. In the case of a contraindication to stimulation, gammaknife thalamotomy (radiosurgery) may also be considered. Recently, ultrasound thalamotomy has been shown to be a promising therapy in essential tremor.
特发性震颤。特发性震颤在普通人群中非常常见。它是一种成年期出现的姿势性震颤,呈进行性发展,其严重程度在个体之间差异很大。常报道酒精有积极作用。其病理生理学仍知之甚少,但在一些家族中已鉴定出候选基因。从治疗角度来看,在出现不适的情况下,可开具基于普萘洛尔或扑米酮的一线治疗药物。如果治疗无效或不耐受,有二线治疗方法可供选择,但它们的抗震颤效果因患者而异,差异很大。在药物抵抗的情况下,刺激丘脑腹中间核是一种非常有效的神经外科选择。在存在刺激禁忌的情况下,也可考虑伽玛刀丘脑切开术(放射外科手术)。最近,超声丘脑切开术已被证明是治疗特发性震颤的一种有前景的疗法。