School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
Clin Neurophysiol. 2019 May;130(5):655-665. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.02.005. Epub 2019 Feb 26.
The study aim was to determine if use of illicit amphetamines or ecstasy is associated with abnormal excitability of the corticomotoneuronal pathway and manipulation of novel objects with the hand.
Three groups of adults aged 18-50 years were investigated: individuals with a history of illicit amphetamine use, individuals with a history of ecstasy use but minimal use of other stimulants, and non-drug users. Transcranial magnetic stimulation was delivered to the motor cortex and the electromyographic response (motor evoked potential; MEP) was recorded from a contralateral hand muscle. Participants also gripped and lifted a novel experimental object consisting of two strain gauges and an accelerometer.
Resting MEP amplitude was larger in the amphetamine group (6M, 6F) than the non-drug and ecstasy groups (p < 0.005) in males but not females. Overestimation of grip force during manipulation of a novel object was observed in the amphetamine group (p = 0.020) but not the ecstasy group.
History of illicit amphetamine use, in particular methamphetamine, is associated with abnormal motor cortical and/or corticomotoneuronal excitability in males and abnormal manipulation of novel objects in both males and females.
Abnormal excitability and hand function is evident months to years after cessation of illicit amphetamine use.
本研究旨在确定非法使用苯丙胺或摇头丸是否与皮质运动神经元通路的异常兴奋性以及用手操作新物体有关。
研究纳入了三组年龄在 18-50 岁之间的成年人：有非法使用苯丙胺史的个体、有摇头丸使用史但很少使用其他兴奋剂的个体以及非药物使用者。经颅磁刺激作用于运动皮质，记录对侧手部肌肉的肌电图反应（运动诱发电位；MEP）。参与者还握住并抬起一个由两个应变计和一个加速度计组成的新型实验物体。
在男性中，与非药物和摇头丸组相比，苯丙胺组（6 名男性，6 名女性）的静息 MEP 振幅更大（p<0.005），但在女性中则不然。在操作新型物体时，观察到苯丙胺组高估握力（p=0.020），但在摇头丸组中则不然。
非法使用苯丙胺，特别是甲基苯丙胺，与男性皮质运动神经元和/或皮质运动神经元兴奋性异常以及男性和女性对新型物体操作异常有关。
在停止非法使用苯丙胺后数月至数年，仍可观察到兴奋性和手部功能异常。
