Johnson D A, Cummings T F, Hamm P B, Rowe R C, Miller J S, Thornton R E, Pelter G Q, Sorensen E J
Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman 99164-6430.
Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Hermiston Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Oregon State University, Hermiston 97838.
Plant Dis. 1997 Jan;81(1):103-106. doi: 10.1094/PDIS.1997.81.1.103.
The cost of managing late blight in potatoes during a severe epidemic caused by new, aggressive strains of Phytophthora infestans in the Columbia Basin of Washington and Oregon in 1995 was documented. The mean number of fungicide applications per field varied from 5.1 to 6.3 for early- and midseason potatoes, and from 8.2 to 12.3 for late-season potatoes in the northern and southern Columbia Basin, respectively. In 1994, a year when late blight was not severe, the mean number of fungicide applications per field made to early- and midseason potatoes was 2.0; whereas late-season potatoes received a mean of 2.5 applications. The mean per acre cost of individual fungicides applied varied from $4.90 for copper hydroxide to $36.00 for propamocarb + chlorothalonil. Total per acre expenses (application costs plus fungicide material) for protecting the crop from late blight during 1995 ranged from $106.77 to $110.08 for early and midseason potatoes in different regions of the Columbia Basin and from $149.30 to $226.75 for lateseason potatoes in the northern and southern Columbia Basin, respectively. Approximately 28% of the crop was chemically desiccated before harvest as a disease management practice for the first time in 1995, resulting in an additional mean cost of $34.48/acre or $1.3 million for the region. Harvested yields were 4 to 6% less than in 1994. The total cost of managing late blight in the Columbia Basin in 1995 is estimated to have approached $30 million.
1995年，华盛顿州和俄勒冈州哥伦比亚盆地爆发了由新型致病疫霉侵袭性菌株引发的严重晚疫病疫情，相关文献记录了当时马铃薯晚疫病的防治成本。哥伦比亚盆地北部和南部，早熟和中熟马铃薯每块田地的杀菌剂平均施用量分别为5.1至6.3次，晚熟马铃薯则分别为8.2至12.3次。1994年晚疫病不严重，早熟和中熟马铃薯每块田地的杀菌剂平均施用量为2.0次；晚熟马铃薯平均施药2.5次。所施用的各种杀菌剂每英亩平均成本从氢氧化铜的4.90美元到霜霉威+百菌清的36.00美元不等。1995年，哥伦比亚盆地不同地区用于保护作物免受晚疫病侵害的每英亩总费用（施药成本加杀菌剂材料），早熟和中熟马铃薯为106.77至110.08美元，哥伦比亚盆地北部和南部的晚熟马铃薯分别为149.30至226.75美元。1995年，约28%的作物在收获前首次进行化学干燥处理，作为一种病害管理措施，这使得该地区每英亩平均额外成本增加34.48美元，总计增加130万美元。收获产量比1994年低4%至6%。据估计，1995年哥伦比亚盆地晚疫病防治总成本接近3000万美元。
