Bonagura John D
Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA; Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract. 2019 Apr;35(1):1-22. doi: 10.1016/j.cveq.2019.01.001. Epub 2019 Mar 11.
Equine heart diseases can be categorized with morphologic, etiologic, and physiologic diagnoses and classified anatomically as diseases of the pericardium, myocardium, valves (endocardium), and great vessels. An appreciation of normal and pathologic physiology is a key to understanding diagnosis and therapy of heart disease. Pathophysiologic diagnoses include arrhythmias, congestive heart failure, and pulmonary hypertension. Heart rhythm disturbances can occur in isolation or with structural disease. Heart failure stems from arterial filling owing to insufficient cardiac output. Pulmonary hypertension is associated with strenuous exercise, left heart failure, bronchopulmonary diseases, and pulmonary arteriopathies. The etiopathogenesis of these disorders are incompletely understood.
马的心脏疾病可根据形态学、病因学和生理学诊断进行分类，并在解剖学上分为心包、心肌、瓣膜（心内膜）和大血管疾病。了解正常和病理生理学是理解心脏病诊断和治疗的关键。病理生理学诊断包括心律失常、充血性心力衰竭和肺动脉高压。心律失常可单独发生或与结构性疾病并存。心力衰竭源于心输出量不足导致的动脉充盈不足。肺动脉高压与剧烈运动、左心衰竭、支气管肺部疾病和肺血管病有关。这些疾病的病因发病机制尚未完全明确。
