Staveness Daryl, Sodano Taylor M, Li Kangjun, Burnham Elizabeth A, Jackson Klarissa D, Stephenson Corey R J
Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lipscomb University, Nashville, TN 37204, USA.
Chem. 2019 Jan 10;5(1):215-226. doi: 10.1016/j.chempr.2018.10.017. Epub 2018 Nov 21.
This report describes the photochemical conversion of aminocyclopropanes into 1-aminonorbornanes via formal [3+2] cycloadditions initiated by homolytic fragmentation of amine radical cation intermediates. Aligning with the modern movement toward -rich motifs in drug discovery, this strategy provides access to a diverse array of substitution patterns on this saturated carbocyclic framework while offering the robust functional group tolerance (e.g. -OH, -NHBoc) necessary for further derivatization. Evaluating the metabolic stability of selected morpholine-based 1-aminonorbornanes demonstrated a low propensity for oxidative processing and no proclivity toward reactive metabolite formation, suggesting a potential bioisosteric role for 1-aminonorbornanes. Continuous flow processing allowed for efficient operation on gram-scale, providing promise for translation to industrially-relevant scales. This methodology only requires low loadings of a commercially-available, visible light-active photocatalyst and a simple salt, thus it stays true to sustainability goals while readily delivering saturated building blocks that can reduce metabolic susceptibility within drug development programs.
本报告描述了通过胺自由基阳离子中间体的均裂裂解引发的形式上的[3+2]环加成反应,将氨基环丙烷光化学转化为1-氨基降冰片烷。与药物发现中富含碳的基序的现代趋势相一致,该策略提供了在这个饱和碳环骨架上获得各种取代模式的途径,同时提供了进一步衍生化所需的强大官能团耐受性(例如-OH、-NHBoc)。对选定的吗啉基1-氨基降冰片烷的代谢稳定性评估表明,其氧化处理倾向较低,且没有形成反应性代谢物的倾向,这表明1-氨基降冰片烷具有潜在的生物电子等排体作用。连续流动处理允许在克级规模上高效操作,为扩大到工业相关规模提供了希望。这种方法只需要低负载量的市售可见光活性光催化剂和一种简单的盐,因此它符合可持续发展目标,同时能够轻松提供可以降低药物开发项目中代谢敏感性的饱和结构单元。