Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Nutrition & Food Science, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 134, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Research Group Molecular Odor Chemistry, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), Research Cluster Food and Biotechnology, KU Leuven Technology Campus, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
Food Res Int. 2019 May;119:84-98. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.01.057. Epub 2019 Jan 24.
The impact of pod storage (PS) and roasting temperature (RT) on the aroma profiles of dark chocolates were evaluated. Cocoa liquor samples comprised of ten different combinations of PS and RT, whilst keeping the roasting time fixed at 35 min. Additionally, commercial cocoa liquors from renowned origins (Ecuador, Madagascar, Venezuela, Vietnam, Ivory Coast and Ghana) were acquired for comparison. From these, 70% dark chocolates were produced under the same conditions after which they were subjected to headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) analysis. Although both PS and RT were found to influence the aroma volatile concentrations, the impact of RT over PS seemed to be greater. An agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) of all chocolates on the basis of their aroma profiles revealed a similar impact as earlier observed, where major clustering of the chocolates was in accordance with the intensity of the roasting process applied. However, within each group, the dissimilarities owing to PS among the chocolates was clearly depicted. Comparatively, chocolates with low (100-120 °C), instead of moderate to high (135-160 °C) RT's, rather showed a low dissimilarity with those from the commercial cocoa liquors of the different origins. Although from the same beans, the diversity of aroma profiles of these chocolates as well as the similitude of some treatments to some chocolates from commercial grade cocoa liquors, unequivocally underscores the possibility for steering diverse distinct flavors from 'bulk' cocoa through PS and roasting, with beneficial implications, both from an application and an economic point of view.
研究了豆荚储存(PS)和烘焙温度(RT)对黑巧克力香气特征的影响。可可豆液样品由 PS 和 RT 的十种不同组合组成,同时保持烘焙时间固定在 35 分钟。此外,还获得了来自著名产地(厄瓜多尔、马达加斯加、委内瑞拉、越南、象牙海岸和加纳)的商业可可豆液进行比较。从这些豆液中,在相同条件下生产了 70%的黑巧克力,然后对其进行顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用(HS-SPME-GC-MS)分析。尽管 PS 和 RT 都被发现会影响香气挥发性浓度,但 RT 的影响似乎大于 PS。根据香气特征对所有巧克力进行的凝聚层次聚类(AHC)分析显示出类似的影响,正如之前观察到的那样,巧克力的主要聚类与所应用的烘焙过程强度一致。然而,在每个组内,由于 PS 导致巧克力之间的差异清晰可见。相比之下,具有低(100-120°C)而非中高(135-160°C)RT 的巧克力与来自不同起源的商业可可豆液的巧克力之间的差异较小。尽管来自相同的豆荚,但这些巧克力的香气特征的多样性以及某些处理与商业级可可豆液的一些巧克力的相似性,毫不含糊地强调了通过 PS 和烘焙从“散装”可可引导不同独特风味的可能性,从应用和经济角度来看都具有有益的意义。
J Agric Food Chem. 2020-2-13