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Influences of Depulping, Pod Storage and Fermentation Time on Fermentation Dynamics and Quality of Ghanaian Cocoa.

作者信息

Streule Stefanie, André Amandine, Freimüller Leischtfeld Susette, Chatelain Karin, Gillich Elodie, Chetschik Irene, Miescher Schwenninger Susanne

机构信息

ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Institute of Food and Beverage Innovation, 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland.

出版信息

Foods. 2024 Aug 19;13(16):2590. doi: 10.3390/foods13162590.


DOI:10.3390/foods13162590
PMID:39200517
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11354155/
Abstract

This study investigated the impact of the depulping of cocoa beans after pod opening, as well as the influences of pod storage (PS) and fermentation time on the fermentation dynamics and the overall quality of beans and liquors made thereof. Twelve variations were conducted in three experimental runs (with/without depulping; 1-/3-day PS; and fermentation times of 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 days). Fermentation dynamics (e.g., temperature and pH) and the quality of dried beans (e.g., cut-test and fermentation index) and liquors (sensory assessment, quantification of cocoa key-odorants and tastants) were investigated. It was demonstrated that 17-20% of cocoa pulp, relative to the total bean-pulp-mass weight, could be mechanically removed without negatively affecting the bean quality. No significant differences were found in the percentages of well-fermented beans after 5-6 days fermentation with 1-day PS, resulting in 49 ± 9% with, and 48 ± 12% without depulping. There were no significant differences in key tastants present in the liquors; however, significantly less volatile acids and esters were found when liquors were produced from 5-6 day-fermented depulped beans, with 1-day PS, without negatively affecting the sensory profiles. This strategy allows producers to maximize the cacao fruit's value by integrating part of the pulp into the cocoa value chain.

摘要
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/03b7/11354155/3b4a809bb79f/foods-13-02590-g012.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/03b7/11354155/1083594a92b8/foods-13-02590-g001a.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/03b7/11354155/d012e986ce6c/foods-13-02590-g002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/03b7/11354155/84008e86a447/foods-13-02590-g003.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/03b7/11354155/1238fdc9490a/foods-13-02590-g004.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/03b7/11354155/a7ca0c3c75c0/foods-13-02590-g005a.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/03b7/11354155/69cf7e9ee436/foods-13-02590-g006.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/03b7/11354155/d93785591d7a/foods-13-02590-g007a.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/03b7/11354155/8551297d3268/foods-13-02590-g008.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/03b7/11354155/cea02ea015b4/foods-13-02590-g009.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/03b7/11354155/345d07707472/foods-13-02590-g010.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/03b7/11354155/2203b3641d13/foods-13-02590-g011.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/03b7/11354155/3b4a809bb79f/foods-13-02590-g012.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/03b7/11354155/1083594a92b8/foods-13-02590-g001a.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/03b7/11354155/d012e986ce6c/foods-13-02590-g002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/03b7/11354155/84008e86a447/foods-13-02590-g003.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/03b7/11354155/1238fdc9490a/foods-13-02590-g004.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/03b7/11354155/a7ca0c3c75c0/foods-13-02590-g005a.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/03b7/11354155/69cf7e9ee436/foods-13-02590-g006.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/03b7/11354155/d93785591d7a/foods-13-02590-g007a.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/03b7/11354155/8551297d3268/foods-13-02590-g008.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/03b7/11354155/cea02ea015b4/foods-13-02590-g009.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/03b7/11354155/345d07707472/foods-13-02590-g010.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/03b7/11354155/2203b3641d13/foods-13-02590-g011.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/03b7/11354155/3b4a809bb79f/foods-13-02590-g012.jpg

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[1]
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[7]
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本文引用的文献

[1]
Effects of Predrying and Spontaneous Fermentation Treatments on Nib Acidification, Fermentation Quality, and Flavour Attributes of Ghanaian Cocoa () Beans.

Int J Food Sci. 2024-6-10

[2]
Effect of Pod Storage and Drying Temperature on Fermentation Dynamics and Final Bean Quality of Cacao Nacional in Ecuador.

Foods. 2024-5-15

[3]
Valorization of cocoa pod side streams improves nutritional and sustainability aspects of chocolate.

Nat Food. 2024-5

[4]
Variations in Ecuadorian Cocoa Fermentation and Drying at Two Locations: Implications for Quality and Sensory.

Foods. 2023-12-30

[5]
Compliance with cocoa quality management practices in Ghana; To what extent are cocoa farmers complying?

Heliyon. 2023-12-19

[6]
Thermal stabilisation of cocoa fruit pulp - Effects on sensory properties, colour and microbiological stability.

Curr Res Food Sci. 2023-7-10

[7]
Influence of Aerobic and Anaerobic Moist Incubation on Selected Nonvolatile Constituents─Comparison to Traditionally Fermented Cocoa Beans.

J Agric Food Chem. 2022-12-28

[8]
Decoding the Fine Flavor Properties of Dark Chocolates.

J Agric Food Chem. 2022-10-26

[9]
Insights into flavor and key influencing factors of Maillard reaction products: A recent update.

Front Nutr. 2022-9-12

[10]
Monitoring of cocoa post-harvest process practices on a small-farm level at five locations in Ecuador.

Heliyon. 2022-6-9

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