物种形成与适应性辐射的组合观点。

A Combinatorial View on Speciation and Adaptive Radiation.

机构信息

Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre for Ecology, Evolution, and Biogeochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (EAWAG), 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland.

出版信息

Trends Ecol Evol. 2019 Jun;34(6):531-544. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2019.02.008. Epub 2019 Mar 15.

DOI:10.1016/j.tree.2019.02.008

PMID:30885412

Abstract

Speciation is often thought of as a slow process due to the waiting times for mutations that cause incompatibilities, and permit ecological differentiation or assortative mating. Cases of rapid speciation and particularly cases of rapid adaptive radiation into multiple sympatric species have remained somewhat mysterious. We review recent findings from speciation genomics that reveal an emerging commonality among such cases: reassembly of old genetic variation into new combinations facilitating rapid speciation and adaptive radiation. The polymorphisms in old variants frequently originated from hybridization at some point in the past. We discuss why old variants are particularly good fuel for rapid speciation, and hypothesize that variation in access to such old variants might contribute to the large variation in speciation rates observed in nature.

摘要

物种形成通常被认为是一个缓慢的过程，因为需要等待导致不兼容的突变，并允许生态分化或交配选择。快速物种形成的情况，特别是快速适应辐射到多个同域物种的情况，仍然有些神秘。我们回顾了物种形成基因组学的最新发现，揭示了这些情况之间的一个新兴共性：将旧的遗传变异重新组合成新的组合，从而促进快速物种形成和适应性辐射。这些旧变体中的多态性通常起源于过去某个时候的杂交。我们讨论了为什么旧变体特别适合快速物种形成，并假设对这些旧变体的获取的差异可能会导致自然界中观察到的物种形成率的巨大差异。