Blumer L M, Burskaia V, Artiushin I, Saha J, Garcia J Camacho, Jiménez F Campuzano, Hooft van der Huysdynen A, Elkin J, Fischer B, Van Houtte N, Zhou C, Gresham S, Malinsky M, Linderoth T, Sawasawa W, Vernaz G, Bista I, Hickey A, Kucka M, Louzada S, Zatha R, Yang F, Rusuwa B, Santos M E, Chan Y F, Joyce D A, Böhne A, Miska E A, Ngochera M, Turner G F, Durbin R, Svardal H
Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Evolutionary Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
Science. 2025 Jun 12;388(6752):eadr9961. doi: 10.1126/science.adr9961.
Chromosomal inversions can contribute to adaptive speciation by linking coadapted alleles. By querying 1375 genomes of the species-rich Malawi cichlid fish radiation, we discovered five large inversions segregating in the benthic subradiation that each suppress recombination over more than half a chromosome. Two inversions were transferred from deepwater pelagic through admixture, whereas the others established early in the deep benthic clade. Introgression of haplotypes from lineages inside and outside the Malawi radiation coincided with bursts of species diversification. Inversions show evidence for transient sex linkage, and a notable excess of protein changing substitutions points toward selection on neurosensory, physiological, and reproductive genes. These results indicate that repeated interplay between depth adaptation and sex-specific selection on large inversions has been central to the evolution of this iconic system.
染色体倒位可通过连接协同适应的等位基因促进适应性物种形成。通过查询物种丰富的马拉维丽鱼辐射的1375个基因组，我们发现五个大的倒位在底栖亚辐射中分离，每个倒位抑制超过半个染色体的重组。两个倒位通过混合从深水远洋转移而来，而其他倒位在深底栖分支中早期就已建立。来自马拉维辐射内外谱系的单倍型渗入与物种多样化的爆发相吻合。倒位显示出短暂性连锁的证据，并且蛋白质改变替代的显著过量指向对神经感觉、生理和生殖基因的选择。这些结果表明，深度适应与对大倒位的性别特异性选择之间的反复相互作用一直是这个标志性系统进化的核心。
