College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, 967 Anning East Road, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China.
School of Urban Economics and Tourism Culture, Lanzhou City University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019 May;26(13):13062-13084. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-04741-x. Epub 2019 Mar 20.
Arid inland river basin has been regarded as environmental vulnerable and an important protective area in northwest China. Shiyang River Basin (SRB) is one of the most typical areas in arid inland rivers basin in China. The environmental quality evaluation of different periods is significant for environmental control and management of SRB. In this paper, the normalized differential vegetation index (NDVI), wetness index (WI), albedo, index-based built-up index (IBI), salinization index (SI), and land surface temperature (LST) were obtained through Landsat TM and OLI images in 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2016. Besides, three methods including spatial principal component analysis (SPCA), analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and remote-sensing spatial distance model (RSSDM) were compared to select a reasonable method for environmental evaluation. The AHP method was determined as the final method for objectively evaluating spatiotemporal changes of environment from 1995 to 2016 in SRB. The results showed that the environment deteriorated in 1995-2000 and improved in 2000-2016. The effect of environmental governance was significant in 2010-2016 because of the longtime environmental management between multiple departments. The results indicated that the environmental quality of SRB was generally improved from 1995 to 2016. We found that the improvement areas were mainly concentrated in the oasis and marginal areas, while environmental damage areas were mainly distributed in the urban regions. However, in most areas of the SRB, the environment was still below average level of China, and the roads of the environment management still had a long way to go. We found that spatiotemporal pattern analysis of the environment was of great importance for the formulation of plans for development of this basin and environmental protection measures.
干旱内陆河流域一直被认为是环境脆弱区，也是中国西北地区的重要保护区。石羊河流域（SRB）是中国干旱内陆河流域最典型的地区之一。对不同时期的环境质量进行评价，对 SRB 的环境控制和管理具有重要意义。本研究利用 Landsat TM 和 OLI 图像，获取了归一化植被指数（NDVI）、湿润指数（WI）、反照率、基于指数的建筑指数（IBI）、盐渍化指数（SI）和地表温度（LST）等数据，这些数据分别来自 1995 年、2000 年、2005 年、2010 年和 2016 年。此外，还比较了空间主成分分析（SPCA）、层次分析法（AHP）和遥感空间距离模型（RSSDM）三种方法，以选择一种合理的方法进行环境评价。结果表明，1995-2000 年环境恶化，2000-2016 年环境改善。由于多部门长期的环境管理，2010-2016 年环境治理效果显著。结果表明，1995-2016 年石羊河流域环境质量总体呈改善趋势。研究发现，改善区域主要集中在绿洲和边缘地区，而环境破坏区域主要分布在城市地区。然而，在 SRB 的大部分地区，环境仍低于中国的平均水平，环境管理的道路还很长。研究发现，环境的时空格局分析对于制定该流域的发展规划和环境保护措施具有重要意义。
