Department of Animal Production, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China.
Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602.
Poult Sci. 2019 Aug 1;98(8):3158-3164. doi: 10.3382/ps/pez128.
The present study tested whether tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) supplementation could influence the growth performance, Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) load, inflammasomes, cytokines, and chemokines in broilers. Treatments were a 2 × 2 factorial design, including negative control (NC), S. Typhimurium challenge (SC), and NC/SC + TMP (150 mg/kg of diet). The trial lasted for 28 D, and S. Typhimurium subclinical challenge was occurred on day 8. The results showed that S. Typhimurium challenge worsened (P < 0.05) growth performance, S. Typhimurium load in intestinal digesta and visceral tissues, intestinal inflammatory responses, and permeability compared to the NC treatment. TMP supplementation increased (P < 0.05) feed intake, weight gain, and feed efficiency by 4.3 to 12.0%, but decreased (P < 0.05) S. Typhimurium load by 5.4 to 45.8%, inflammasomes (caspase-1/3/9, gasdermin A/E, and nod-like receptor protein 3) by 25.0 to 59.0%, chemokines (C-C motif ligand 2 and C-X-C motif 10) by 40.2 to 47.2%, intestinal permeability by 28.2% compared to the SC treatment. The TMP also reduced inflammatory response by influencing tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β/4/6. Factorial analysis indicated that TMP and SC were interactive (P < 0.05) on most parameters due to the more pronounced TMP effect in S. Typhimurium challenge groups. It is concluded that TMP can promote growth and mitigate S. Typhimurium infection by reducing the S. Typhimurium load and inflammatory response in broilers.
本研究旨在探讨四甲基吡嗪（TMP）补充剂对肉鸡生长性能、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌（S. Typhimurium）负荷、炎症小体、细胞因子和趋化因子的影响。处理方式采用 2×2 析因设计，包括阴性对照（NC）、S. Typhimurium 攻毒（SC）和 NC/SC+TMP（日粮添加 150mg/kg TMP）。试验持续 28 天，攻毒于第 8 天进行。结果表明，与 NC 组相比，S. Typhimurium 攻毒组的生长性能、肠道内容物和内脏组织中 S. Typhimurium 负荷、肠道炎症反应和通透性均显著降低（P＜0.05）。TMP 补充剂使肉鸡的采食量、增重和饲料效率分别提高了 4.3%～12.0%（P＜0.05），但使 S. Typhimurium 负荷降低了 5.4%～45.8%（P＜0.05），炎症小体（半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶-1/3/9、Gasdermin A/E 和核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体蛋白 3）减少了 25.0%～59.0%（P＜0.05），趋化因子（C-C 基序趋化因子配体 2 和 C-X-C 基序趋化因子 10）减少了 40.2%～47.2%（P＜0.05），肠道通透性降低了 28.2%（P＜0.05）。TMP 还通过影响肿瘤坏死因子-α和白细胞介素 1β/4/6 来减轻炎症反应。析因分析表明，由于 TMP 在 S. Typhimurium 攻毒组中的效果更为显著，TMP 和 S. Typhimurium 之间存在互作（P＜0.05）。综上所述，TMP 可通过降低肉鸡的 S. Typhimurium 负荷和炎症反应来促进生长和减轻 S. Typhimurium 感染。
