Schochow M, Winckelmann H-J, Steger F
Institut für Geschichte, Theorie und Ethik der Medizin, Universität Ulm, Parkstraße 11, 89073, Ulm, Deutschland.
Urologe A. 2021 Feb;60(2):226-233. doi: 10.1007/s00120-019-0908-3.
In the late 17th and early 18th centuries, ancient humoral pathology was gradually complemented by new concepts of medical theory. Two important theories that emerged in this context were iatrochemistry and iatrophysics. The physician Johannes Franc (1649-1725) from Ulm and Friedrich Hoffmann (1660-1742), the first professor of the medical faculty of the Fridericiana in Halle (Saale), are representatives of these concepts. In their writings, they conveyed specific instructions for broader therapeutic treatment including various forms of medication. The iatrochemist Franc recorded his therapies in his medical diary. The treatment methods of the iatrophysicist Hoffmann are written down in his twelve-volume Medicina consultatoria. Using the examples of gonorrhea and syphilis, the goal of this paper is to analyze, on the basis of both records, how the two physicians applied the new medical theoretical concepts in the treatment of these diseases. Franc and Hoffmann held the view that these two venereal diseases represent two separate entities. Thus both physicians departed from the traditional theory that gonorrhea was a stage of syphilis. Accordingly, they used different medication therapies for these diseases. Franc and Hoffmann referred to humoral pathological ideas, the discrasia of the humors in expounding the causes of the diseases. The same applies to their basic therapeutic approaches: they implemented humoral pathological concepts in their therapeutic practice. Bloodletting, sweating cures, and water cures as well as strict diets were prescribed. Nevertheless, differences in their treatment methods are clear. Franc consistently supplemented humoral pathology with ideas of iatrochemistry, prescribing treatment of gonorrhea and syphilis with mercury. Hoffmann, on the other hand, explicitly warned against treating gonorrhea with mercury; however, he was not fundamentally opposed to the use of drugs for the treatment of syphilis.
在17世纪末和18世纪初，古老的体液病理学逐渐被新的医学理论概念所补充。在这一背景下出现的两个重要理论是医化学和医物理学。来自乌尔姆的医生约翰内斯·弗朗克（1649 - 1725）以及哈雷（萨勒）弗里德里希安娜医学院的首任教授弗里德里希·霍夫曼（1660 - 1742）是这些概念的代表人物。在他们的著作中，他们传达了关于更广泛治疗方法的具体指导，包括各种药物治疗形式。医化学家弗朗克在他的医学日记中记录了他的治疗方法。医物理学家霍夫曼的治疗方法记录在他的十二卷本《医学咨询》中。本文以淋病和梅毒为例，旨在根据这两份记录分析两位医生如何将新的医学理论概念应用于这些疾病的治疗。弗朗克和霍夫曼认为这两种性病是两个不同的实体。因此，两位医生都背离了传统理论，即淋病是梅毒的一个阶段。相应地，他们针对这些疾病采用了不同的药物治疗方法。弗朗克和霍夫曼在阐述疾病病因时提及了体液病理学观点，即体液的失调。他们的基本治疗方法也是如此：他们在治疗实践中贯彻了体液病理学概念。规定了放血、发汗疗法、水疗法以及严格的饮食。然而，他们治疗方法的差异是明显的。弗朗克始终用医化学思想补充体液病理学，用汞来治疗淋病和梅毒。另一方面，霍夫曼明确警告不要用汞治疗淋病；不过，他从根本上并不反对使用药物治疗梅毒。
