Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Agricultural Resource and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China.
China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory at Yangtze River Plain for Agricultural Environment, Nanjing, 210014, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019 May;26(13):12975-12984. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-04469-8. Epub 2019 Mar 20.
A phytoremediation project involving the large-scale cultivation of water hyacinths (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms) was conducted in Lake Caohai (China) from May to November during 2011-2013 to remove pollutants and decrease eutrophication. Water hyacinths were cultivated in two areas of Lake Caohai, Neicaohai, and Waicaohai, which are connected and function as a relatively independent water body. The areas for macrophyte growth varied in size from 4.30 km in 2011 to 0.85 km (2012) and 1.15 km (2013). Compared with historical data from 2007, the concentrations of total phosphorus decreased significantly, while dissolved oxygen concentrations increased slightly. After plant cultivation in 2011, the average concentrations of total phosphorus, total dissolved phosphorus, and phosphate anions decreased from 0.54, 0.35, and 0.23 mg L upstream (river estuaries) to 0.15, 0.13, and 0.08 mg L downstream (Xiyuan Channel), respectively. The amount of phosphorus assimilated by the macrophytes (44.31 t) was more than 100% of the total removed phosphorus (40.93 t) from lake water when water hyacinths covered 40.9% of the area, which could indicate sedimentary phosphorus release. Our study showed the great potential of utilizing water hyacinth phytoremediation to remove phosphorus in eutrophic waters.
2011 年至 2013 年 5 月至 11 月，在中国草海湖进行了一个大型水葫芦（Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms）种植修复项目，以去除污染物并减少富营养化。水葫芦种植在草海湖的两个区域，内草海和外草海，这两个区域相连并作为一个相对独立的水体发挥作用。大型水生植物生长区的面积从 2011 年的 4.30 平方公里缩小到 2012 年的 0.85 平方公里和 2013 年的 1.15 平方公里。与 2007 年的历史数据相比，总磷浓度显著下降，而溶解氧浓度略有上升。2011 年植物种植后，总磷、总溶解磷和磷酸盐阴离子的平均浓度分别从上游（河口）的 0.54、0.35 和 0.23mg/L 降低到下游（西园通道）的 0.15、0.13 和 0.08mg/L。大型水生植物吸收的磷量（44.31 吨）超过了水葫芦覆盖 40.9%面积时从湖水中去除的总磷量（40.93 吨）的 100%，这可能表明了沉积物中磷的释放。我们的研究表明，利用水葫芦植物修复技术去除富营养化水中的磷具有巨大的潜力。
