Lo Ka Ho, Roberts William A
Psychology Department, Western University.
J Comp Psychol. 2019 Nov;133(4):428-441. doi: 10.1037/com0000174. Epub 2019 Mar 21.
Episodic-like memory is a personal memory that contains what happened, where it happened, and when it happened. Although episodic-like memory in nonhuman animals has been shown using what-where-when memory paradigms, it has not previously been shown in dogs. Dogs are an excellent candidate for developing translational models of neurodegenerative disorders related to episodic memory, including Alzheimer's disease. Dogs were tested in experiments that involved spatially and temporally unique sequences of odor stimuli to see if they remembered the odors, their locations, and their times of presentation. By choosing the earlier exposed odor on two-choice tests, dogs showed the ability to encode what-when, where-when, or what-where-when memory. Further tests revealed that dogs performed optimally when all three components of what-where-when memory were available for encoding and could flexibly use this information on unpredictable tests. Although the experiments reported here show that dogs remembered what, where, and when, they did not indicate whether these components were part of an integrated single memory or were retrieved from separate files. Evidence on the question of integrated memory requires trials on which all three components are tested. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
情景样记忆是一种个人记忆，包含发生了什么、在哪里发生以及何时发生。尽管非人类动物的情景样记忆已通过“什么-哪里-何时”记忆范式得到证明，但此前在狗身上尚未得到证实。狗是开发与情景记忆相关的神经退行性疾病（包括阿尔茨海默病）转化模型的极佳候选对象。在涉及气味刺激的空间和时间独特序列的实验中对狗进行了测试，以观察它们是否能记住气味、其位置以及呈现时间。通过在二选一测试中选择较早出现的气味，狗表现出了编码“什么-何时”“哪里-何时”或“什么-哪里-何时”记忆的能力。进一步的测试表明，当“什么-哪里-何时”记忆的所有三个组成部分都可用于编码时，狗的表现最佳，并且能够在不可预测的测试中灵活使用这些信息。尽管此处报告的实验表明狗记住了什么、在哪里以及何时，但并未表明这些组成部分是综合单一记忆的一部分还是从单独的文件中检索出来的。关于综合记忆问题的证据需要进行所有三个组成部分都接受测试的试验。（PsycINFO数据库记录（c）2019美国心理学会，保留所有权利）
