Byrne J M, Hausbeck M K, Latin R X
Former Graduate Research Assistant.
Assistant Professor, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824.
Plant Dis. 1997 Oct;81(10):1167-1172. doi: 10.1094/PDIS.1997.81.10.1167.
Anthracnose (Colletotrichum coccodes) is the major fungal disease affecting processing tomato fruit in the midwestern United States. Currently available disease management strategies evaluated for controlling anthracnose fruit rot (AFR) on processing tomatoes include genetic resistance and the fungicide chlorothalonil applied according to conventional schedules or a disease-forecasting system (Tom-Cast). Experimental field plots were established in West Lafayette, Indiana, and East Lansing, Michigan, in 1993 to 1995. Chlorothalonil was applied every 7, 10, or 14 days or according to Tom-Cast with a threshold of 20 disease severity values, and was not applied to the control. In Michigan, Phytophthora infestans (1993) and C. coccodes (1993 to 1994) caused 91.8% (1993) and 30.7% (1994) fruit rot in the unsprayed plot. In Indiana, C. coccodes caused 69.8% (1993) and 39.0% (1994) AFR in the unsprayed plot. In 1995, Ohio 8245 (Michigan and Indiana), considered to be less prone to anthracnose, and Ohio 7814 were integrated into the conventional and Tom-Cast-prompted spray programs. Cultivar did not affect the incidence of AFR or foliar blight caused by Septoria lycopersici and Alternaria solani in either location. In 1993 and 1994, chlorothalonil applied at 10-day intervals in Indiana resulted in the highest benefit per hectare (BPH) and return per fungicide dollar (RPFD). In 1995, the highest BPH and RPFD resulted from chlorothalonil applied every 14 days to Ohio 8245 (Michigan). Chlorothalonil applied according to the Tom-Cast program resulted in a level of AFR that was generally not statistically different from the 7-day treatment but was high enough to result in crop rejection and high economic loss in 2 of the 3 years the study was conducted. Based on data from this study, it is not commercially feasible to grow processing tomatoes in Michigan and Indiana without chlorothalonil to protect against AFR even when a resistant cultivar is used.
炭疽病（由围小丛壳菌引起）是美国中西部加工番茄果实面临的主要真菌病害。目前评估用于控制加工番茄上炭疽病果实腐烂（AFR）的病害管理策略包括遗传抗性以及按照常规时间表或病害预测系统（Tom-Cast）施用的杀菌剂百菌清。1993年至1995年在印第安纳州西拉斐特和密歇根州东兰辛设立了试验田。百菌清每隔7、10或14天施用一次，或根据Tom-Cast在病害严重程度值达到20的阈值时施用，对照不施药。在密歇根州，疫霉（1993年）和围小丛壳菌（1993年至1994年）在未喷药的地块分别导致91.8%（1993年）和30.7%（1994年）的果实腐烂。在印第安纳州，围小丛壳菌在未喷药的地块分别导致69.8%（1993年）和39.0%（1994年）的AFR。1995年，将被认为较不易感染炭疽病的俄亥俄8245（在密歇根州和印第安纳州种植）和俄亥俄7814纳入常规和Tom-Cast指导的喷雾方案。在这两个地点，品种对AFR的发病率以及由番茄壳针孢和链格孢引起的叶斑病发病率均无影响。1993年和1994年，在印第安纳州每隔10天施用一次百菌清，每公顷收益（BPH）和每美元杀菌剂回报（RPFD）最高。1995年，对俄亥俄8245（在密歇根州种植）每隔14天施用一次百菌清，BPH和RPFD最高。按照Tom-Cast方案施用百菌清导致的AFR水平通常与7天处理在统计学上无差异，但高到足以导致在该研究进行的3年中有2年作物被拒收并造成高额经济损失。基于这项研究的数据，即使使用抗性品种，在密歇根州和印第安纳州不使用百菌清来防治AFR种植加工番茄在商业上是不可行的。
