Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Saúde da Criança, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Centro Universitário da Serra Gaúcha (FSG), Educação Física, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil.
Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Saúde da Criança, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Centro Universitário da Serra Gaúcha (FSG), Grupo de Pesquisa e Estudo em Saúde e Performance (GEPESP), Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil.
J Pediatr (Rio J). 2020 Jul-Aug;96(4):479-486. doi: 10.1016/j.jped.2019.01.001. Epub 2019 Mar 18.
To analyze the prevalence and impact of asthma in schoolchildren from the city of Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil.
Cross-sectional observational and case-control study with children and adolescents between 7 and 15 years old, from public schools in Caxias do Sul, RS. The study is composed of two phases: Phase I analyzed the prevalence of asthma in the delimited population, investigating 1915 schoolchildren; Phase II quality of life questionnaires, asthma control and classification (for the asthmatic group), physical activity, school performance, pulmonary function tests and anthropometric measures were applied to 266 asthmatics and 288 controls.
The estimated prevalence of asthma was 16.1%. In the comparison between asthmatics and nonasthmatics premature birth (p<0.001) and diagnosis of another chronic disease at birth (p<0.001) were found. Regarding pulmonary function, significant differences were found in the values between groups in FEV, FEV/FVC and forced expiratory flow in the 25 and 75% (FEF), being that asthmatics presented lower values. Among asthmatics, 133 (50.8%) did not have the disease controlled. In the anthropometric variables, significant differences were observed, with higher values in controls, in the the waist-to-height ratio (p=0.009) and in the perception of health (p<0.001). Quality of life is lower in asthmatics in the physical well-being domain (p=0.001) and in the total score (p=0.016). The total school performance score did not present a statistically significant difference between the groups.
The prevalence of asthma is similar to that of other industrialized urban centers and may negatively affect some areas of the development of schoolchildren.
分析巴西卡西亚斯杜苏尔市（Caxias do Sul）学童哮喘的流行情况及其影响。
这是一项横断面观察性病例对照研究，研究对象为来自南里奥格兰德州卡西亚斯杜苏尔市公立学校的 7 至 15 岁儿童和青少年。该研究分为两个阶段：第一阶段对所划定人群中的哮喘流行情况进行分析，共调查了 1915 名学生；第二阶段对 266 名哮喘患儿和 288 名对照者进行了生活质量问卷、哮喘控制和分类（针对哮喘组）、体力活动、学习成绩、肺功能检查和人体测量学指标的评估。
估计哮喘的患病率为 16.1%。在哮喘患儿与非哮喘患儿之间，早产（p<0.001）和出生时另一种慢性疾病的诊断（p<0.001）存在差异。在肺功能方面，两组间的 FEV、FEV/FVC 和 25%及 75%用力呼气流量（FEF）等指标的数值存在显著差异，哮喘患儿的数值较低。在哮喘患儿中，有 133 人（50.8%）的疾病未得到控制。在人体测量学变量方面，对照组的各项指标均高于哮喘患儿，其中腰围身高比（p=0.009）和健康感知（p<0.001）的差异有统计学意义。哮喘患儿在身体幸福感领域（p=0.001）和总评分（p=0.016）方面的生活质量均较低。两组间的总学习成绩评分无统计学差异。
哮喘的流行率与其他工业化城市中心相似，可能会对学童某些发育领域产生负面影响。
